This article will outline the file types that our cameras create and explain their functions. At the end, we will also compare different file types so you can decide which image file type is best for you! 

Understanding Files in Photography

Your camera will allow you to select the file type your photos are saved in. If you are considering taking photography seriously, you should always shoot in RAW. If you are just starting out and won’t be doing much editing, JPEGs are the easiest file type to deal with. 

Below, we will discuss why RAW files are so important. To open these file types, you will need specialized programs. This may involve paid methods, but there are also free options. 

Always Shoot in RAW

Shooting in RAW format captures the most detail possible from your camera’s sensor. RAW files are much larger than JPEGs because they contain more information, including a wider range of brightness levels and colors.

This extra data gives you more flexibility when editing photos. You can recover detail in overexposed highlights or underexposed shadows that would be lost in a JPEG. RAW also allows for better white balance adjustments and provides more color information to work with.

Shooting RAW lets you develop your own photographic style through post-processing. The original RAW file remains unchanged, so you can always revert back or try different edits. RAW files can also be resized more easily and tend to produce better quality prints. Read our full article here if you want to learn more about the benefits of shooting in RAW.

Different Image File Types

We will now examine the various image file types you may encounter in photography. Most of these image file types are RAW files that different camera companies make. It is important to identify these file types to better understand your digital archiving. 

These different RAW files share similarities, but they are all different. Professionals will debate which RAW file is best. Camera companies are constantly developing their RAW files to provide as much information as possible. 

RAW

A RAW file is an image file that holds all the original data from your camera’s sensor. It is the best file type to shoot on simply because it holds the most information. More information means more detail.

RAW files give you more freedom to edit your photos. You can fix issues like poor white balance even after taking the shot. RAW images also capture more dynamic range, so you can brighten dark areas and reduce bright spots.

The downside is RAW files are much bigger than JPEGs. They take up more space on memory cards and hard drives. RAW files also need extra work before sharing since they look dull without editing.

Read our full guide to learn more about the benefits and drawbacks of shooting in RAW file format.

PNG

A PNG (Portable Network Graphics) file is a lossless image format that preserves image quality. It’s commonly used by photographers and graphic designers for its ability to maintain high resolution and sharp details, even after editing and saving multiple times.

PNG files support transparency, making them ideal for logos, graphics, and images that need to be overlaid on other backgrounds. They also work well for high-contrast images.

While PNG files offer superior quality, they tend to have larger file sizes compared to JPEGs. Click here if you want to learn more about PNG files and how they compare to other image formats.

CR3

CR3 is a RAW image file format used by Canon cameras. The latest Canon mirrorless cameras and DSLRs with the DIGIC 8 processor use this format.

CR3 files provide high quality images with lossless compression. They retain the original resolution while having a smaller file size than previous Canon RAW formats. CR3 files can also be saved as C-RAW, a compressed version that is 40% smaller but with some loss of quality.

To open and edit CR3 files, you need compatible software such as Adobe Lightroom or Photoshop. Canon’s Digital Photo Professional can also be used to convert CR3 files. RAW files like CR3 are better for editing than JPEGs because they retain more image data and quality. Read our full article to learn more about CR3 files.

NEF

NEF files are digital image files created by Nikon cameras. They store raw image data exactly as captured by the camera’s sensor, along with metadata about the camera and lens settings used. NEF files are based on the TIFF format and can contain either 12-bit or 14-bit data, depending on the camera model.

One key advantage of NEF files is that any changes made to the image, such as adjustments to white balance, hue, tone, and sharpening, are stored separately from the original raw data. This non-destructive editing allows you to always revert back to the unaltered image if needed.

NEF files can be opened with various software, including the built-in photo viewers on recent Mac and Windows operating systems, as well as popular photo editing programs like Adobe Photoshop, Lightroom, and Capture One. To use NEF files in a wider range of applications or share them online, you’ll need to convert them to a more universal format like JPEG or TIFF. If you’d like to learn more about working with NEF files, there are many in-depth resources available here.

ARW

ARW is a RAW image file format used exclusively by Sony Alpha digital cameras. RAW files contain unprocessed data, allowing for more flexibility when editing your images. ARW files are uncompressed and lossless, meaning they retain all the original data captured by your camera’s sensor.

To open and edit an ARW file, you’ll need editing software like Photoshop, Lightroom, or GIMP. These programs allow you to make adjustments to your image without losing quality. You can also convert ARW files to other formats like PNG, DNG, or JPEG when exporting.

While JPEGs may look better straight out of the camera, ARW files hold more information and offer greater flexibility in post-processing. The main disadvantage of ARW files is their large size, so it’s important to have a memory card with fast writing speed and ample external storage.

SRF

An SRF file is a RAW image format used by Sony digital cameras. SRF files are uncompressed and hold much more image data compared to JPEGs.

RAW files like SRF allow for better editing possibilities. They retain up to five times more information from the scene, giving you greater flexibility to adjust exposure and pull more detail in post-processing.

To open an SRF file, you’ll need editing software like Adobe Photoshop or Lightroom. Photoshop and Lightroom can open these automatically. You can read our full article if you want to learn more about SRF files.

DCR

A DCR file is a digital camera RAW file extension used by Kodak cameras. These files contain all the data captured by the camera’s sensor, providing more detail and flexibility for editing compared to JPEG files.

To open a DCR file, you can use various image-viewing applications or editing software such as Microsoft Windows Photos, Apple Preview, Adobe Lightroom, and Adobe Photoshop. 

While DCR files offer better quality and more editing options, they also take up more storage space. If you plan on editing your photos, using the DCR format is a good choice. To learn more about DCR file, check out our in-depth article.

ORF

An ORF file is a RAW image format used by Olympus digital cameras. It stores image data exactly as captured by the camera’s sensor, without losing quality through compression like JPEGs do.

ORF files can be opened using Olympus software such as Olympus Workspace or older programs like Olympus Master and Olympus ib. Third-party software like Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, and Lightroom also support ORF files. Mac computers can usually open ORF files without issues, but Windows users may need to install a Codec Pack.

Converting ORF files to other formats like JPEG is possible using software that can read the ORF format. Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop are good options for this. Shooting in RAW format like ORF provides more flexibility and creative control when editing photos compared to JPEG. Read on to learn more about ORF files.

Comparing Image File Types

Let’s now explore the differences between image file types. It may be confusing to decide which file type to use and at what stage of your photographic journey. As a rule of thumb, you should use RAW files if you are editing your own digital photos. Although, it is acceptable to shoot in JPEG if you are a beginner. 

These next sections will discuss the pros and cons of using each image file type. This information is important and could make or break your working methodology. If you still need clarification, be sure to read each article deeper. 

DNG vs. RAW

DNG and RAW files are two types of uncompressed image formats used by photographers. RAW files are unprocessed, capturing the most information possible from the camera sensor. DNG (Digital Negative) is a type of RAW file developed by Adobe as a standard format across their software.

Converting RAW files to DNG offers several benefits, such as improved compatibility, faster performance, and more efficient compression. However, the conversion process takes time, and not all programs support DNG files.

Ultimately, if your current workflow with RAW files is effective, there may be no need to switch to DNG. But if you encounter compatibility issues or want a more standardized format, converting to DNG could be a good solution. To dive deeper into the world of DNG file formats and their advantages, be sure to explore our comprehensive guide.

RAW vs. JPEG

When it comes to photography, there are two main file types: RAW and JPEG. RAW files are uncompressed, giving you the most control over your images when editing. JPEGs are compressed, meaning they take up less space on your memory card but lose some image quality.

If you want the best possible image quality and don’t mind spending extra time editing your photos, go with RAW files. If you want quick and easy editing without sacrificing too much image quality, JPEGs are a good choice.

By shooting JPEG, you are limiting your photos’ potential. Your camera applies settings like white balance, color, contrast, and sharpening to the image. It then saves this as a JPEG and discards all the other raw data. This means you lose a lot of editing options later. Click here to learn more about the differences between RAW vs JPEG.

JPEG vs. RAW vs. TIFF

The three main image file types you will come across are JPEG, RAW, and TIFF. JPEG is the most commonly used format because it produces the smallest files. JPEGs are compressed and some data is lost, but this usually isn’t noticeable.

RAW files contain the most data and are best for editing. They take up more storage space but give you the most flexibility in post-processing. TIFF files are less common but are also good for editing because they don’t lose quality.

Choose JPEG if you don’t plan to edit much and want to save space. Use RAW for low light, digital blending, portraits, and commercial work. Learning about the RAW vs TIFF file formats will help you pick the best option for each situation.

Lots of professional photographers make using Manual mode seem easy. But if you’re worried about how to get started, we’ve got all the tips you need. And if you’re shooting digital photography, you’ll never run out of film, making it cheap, fun, and easy to experiment.

Continue reading for everything you need to know about shooting in Manual mode.

Master Composition

Intuitive Composition

You don’t need an expensive camera or an exotic location. Excellent photos depend on composition. Easily master 50 aspects of composition with this illustrated eBook and cheat sheets. It will make photography more accessible and enjoyable!

How to Shoot in Manual Mode

The advantage of shooting in Manual mode is that you choose every aspect of exposure. That means you have complete control over how the shot looks. There are three essential elements to exposure that make up the exposure triangle. They are ISO (or film speed/sensor sensitivity), aperture, and shutter speed.

For any given scene, there is a set amount of light that will land on your sensor. For a photo to be correctly exposed, you need to let the right amount of light through the shutter. Using Manual mode means you can adjust the three elements of exposure to make the photo happen.

We’ll explain each of these elements in this article so you can understand how to use them to your advantage.

1. How to Set Aperture
2. How to Set Shutter Speed
3. How to Set ISO
4. Problems and Solutions for Using Auto ISO

Manual Mode Settings

Let’s look at what it means to manually set each of these settings.

Aperture

The aperture is the hole in the lens that opens to let light fall on the sensor. Pretty much every lens has an adjustable aperture. Mirrorles lenses are an exception to this. These lenses, like the Tokina AT-X AF SD 400mm f/5.6, have a fixed aperture. But most lenses will have a way of making the aperture smaller or larger.

The size of the aperture is expressed as a number, and known as the f-stop or f-number. A lens description always includes the largest aperture possible. For example, the Tokina lens above has a maximum aperture of f/5.6.

This is the important number, because lenses with wider maximum apertures (also known as “fast” lenses) are more expensive to make. They need more glass, making it more expensive to manufacture it to a high standard.

The minimum aperture is less important and will be f/22 for most lenses. Some will go smaller, but that’s unusual.

Changing the aperture has two main effects. The larger the aperture, the more light passes through the lens barrel and onto the sensor. So you might increase use a wider aperture if the picture is too dark.

The aperture also controls the depth of field, which is how much of the scene is in focus. The wider the aperture, the shallower the depth of field. Use a wide aperture to show your in-focus subject against an out-of-focus background. On the other hand, you would use a smaller aperture to get as much of the shot in focus as possible.

It’s worth noting that most lenses lose some sharpness with apertures smaller than f/8 or so.

Shutter Speed

The shutter speed is how long the shutter stays open. This is usually measured in fractions of a second but can go a full second or longer for some shots. The faster the shutter speed, the less light gets to the sensor.

Modern digital cameras sometimes have shutter speeds that boggle the mind. The Sony a1, for instance, has a maximum shutter speed of 1/200,000 s. That’s fast enough to take 100,000 pictures during an average lightning flash!

On most cameras, you’ll usually find a maximum shutter speed of 1/4000 s or even up to 1/8000 s on some high-end cameras. That’s fast enough for some impressive photographs. Using a fast shutter speed is important for two things—preventing blurry photos caused by camera shake and preventing blurry images caused by a moving subject.

Choosing a slower speed allows deliberate blur, which can be an effective way of showing speed and movement within a photo.

With cameras and lenses that have no image stabilization, a rough guide to avoid camera shake is this: choose a shutter speed number that is at least the focal length of the lens. So, for a 50mm lens, you need 1/50 s or faster. With a 200mm lens, you need 1/125 s or faster.

ISO

In the days of film, the ASA/DIN of the film told you how “fast” it was. In other words, it tells you how sensitive it is to light. The ISO number has replaced the ASA/DIN numbers, although ISO numbers are identical in their value to ASA. And they still determine how sensitive the film is to light. Or more usually, how sensitive the digital sensor is to light.

If you came to modern digital cameras from the world of film, you’d be amazed at how “fast” sensors are. A fast ISO film would be 400, maybe “pushed” to 800 or even 1600 for very dark settings. But you’d pay the price with lots of grain in your image.

Don’t forget that you had to keep the ISO setting for the whole roll of film. Now, we can change ISO shot by shot. With modern digital cameras, ISO settings of 12,800 are completely normal. And their sensors often manage to keep the noise at acceptable levels. And when they don’t, editing software can take care of it.

How to Set Aperture

A narrow aperture, such as f/16, will keep almost everything in focus because it has a large depth of field.

It’s most useful for landscape photographers, who might use a narrow aperture to show as much detail as possible in the foreground and background. But there’s always a limit to sharpness.

With f-numbers higher than f/22, you start to get diffraction effects. When that happens, the finer details won’t be sharp anymore.

Shooting a photo with wider apertures, such as f/1.8, will have a shallow depth of field. This means only part of the scene is in focus. Portrait photographers tend to use a wide aperture to keep their subject in focus while the background is out of focus. 

How to Set Shutter Speed

A faster shutter speed means you’ll need a higher ISO to get the correct exposure. But you get a sharper image because a moving subject is “frozen.”

A slower shutter speed means you can use a lower ISO, but you’ll get more motion blur. Neither approach is right or wrong. It’s just a matter of personal taste.

How to Set ISO

The lower the ISO number, the better the image quality is in smoothness, contrast, and color rendition. In general, it’s a good idea to keep it as low as possible.

But there’s a trade-off. If you’re working in low light, you need the extra brightness from a higher ISO. You have to balance brightness with image quality.

You start to see significant noise beyond 6400 ISO as a general rule. So that’s when you might want to use a wider aperture or longer shutter speed. But it depends on your camera. Modern, full-frame cameras perform much better at high ISOs than older models.

Most cameras will offer you the option of Auto ISO. This means that while you concentrate on getting the exact shutter speed and aperture you want, the camera adjusts the ISO so the exposure is right.

How to Shoot in Full Manual Mode

The best way to get full control over your exposure is to use Manual mode. Assess the scene, and use your judgment to select the appropriate ISO. Once you’ve done that, it’s simply a case of choosing the aperture and shutter speed you need for your photos.

And as we’ve seen, the type of photo you want will determine your choices. For example, if you’re shooting sports or fast-moving wildlife, you probably want a fast shutter speed. But if you’re shooting a still-life with a tripod, you can use slower shutter speeds since motion blur isn’t an issue.

Choosing the right aperture depends on how much light there is and how much of the scene you want in focus. In low-light conditions, a wider aperture tends to be best because it lets more light in. But then you’ll have a shallow depth of field. If you want a deep depth of field, use a wider aperture and adjust your ISO and shutter speed to compensate for the correct exposure.

Conclusion: How to Shoot in Manual Mode

I have recently rediscovered my old files of negatives. And I have been struck by how difficult it was to learn the effects of different exposure settings. There was always a gap between shooting and seeing the result. And there was always a cost involved with experimentation.

There has never been a better time to experiment and learn! Make a mistake, and you can both see it and correct it immediately. Switch that camera dial to “M,” make as many mistakes as you like, and learn the creative freedom that comes from Manual mode!

Master Composition

Intuitive Composition

You don’t need an expensive camera or an exotic location. Excellent photos depend on composition. Easily master 50 aspects of composition with this illustrated eBook and cheat sheets. It will make photography more accessible and enjoyable!

But if you’re going to take up photography as a hobby or get into professional photography, you need to learn your camera’s shooting modes.

On the other hand, there can be a lot of pretentiousness in the photography world. You might feel looked down on because you use a particular mode. But as long as you understand why you’re using it, there’s no need to feel bad.

I have seen people criticized for using auto ISO, for instance. But there are occasions where it makes perfect sense. And it takes nothing away from your skill as a photographer. In fact, it is part of your skill as a photographer—you are using the tools available to you.

So, let’s see what your camera and its shooting modes can do for you. We’ll also talk about when you should and shouldn’t use its clever features.

What Shooting Modes Should I Use?

Most modern cameras offer you five shooting modes. These are:

1. Automatic (A)
2. Program (P)
3. Shutter Speed Priority (S or Tv)
4. Aperture Priority (A or Av)
5. Manual (M)

But these don’t fully cover all the levels of flexibility in a complex camera. For example, choosing anything apart from Automatic mode still gives you some control over certain settings. You can choose things like AF selection, drive mode, and ISO. We’ll come back to those later. But let’s start with these five shooting modes.

Remember, every exposure relies on three variables: shutter speed, aperture, and ISO. They are all dependent on each other. If you’re unsure how these work, check out our article on the exposure triangle.

Put simply, every scene you want to photograph has an exposure value (EV). In other words, how bright it is. To make a properly exposed image at that EV, you need a set combination of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. If you change the value of one, you have to change one or both of the others.

For every shot, you need to choose a combination of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO to match the EV.

1. Automatic Mode (Full Auto Mode)

Automatic mode is when the camera controls all exposure settings automatically. This includes aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

This makes it easy for beginners. The camera makes all decisions about the exposure settings based on the scene. It is also known as “Auto” or “Full Auto” mode.

These are the settings that the camera controls in Automatic mode:

• Shutter speed
• Aperture
• ISO
• White balance
• Focus mode
• Exposure compensation
• Focus points
• Metering mode
• Flash exposure compensation

What you control:

• Choosing between RAW or JPEG
• Burst mode

Why Use Automatic Mode?

Like most experienced photographers, I don’t use Auto mode very often. But there are times when it can make sense to use it if you need to quickly snap a picture. After all, it’s what we do with our phones.

There are also times when you might want to just hand your camera to someone to take a photo. Auto mode is perfect if they’re not familiar with the camera.

Why You May Not Want to Use Auto Mode

In Full Auto mode, your camera has to make a best guess about a whole range of things in the photo. And there’s a very good chance it will get it wrong.

It won’t know which area you want to focus on or if the subject is moving or still. It won’t know what depth of field you want. And it won’t know whether to fire the built-in flash (if your camera has one). It’s a very limited mode to choose.

2. Program Mode

Program mode is a semi-automatic shooting mode in photography found on most cameras. In this mode, the camera automatically selects the aperture and shutter speed based on the scene’s lighting conditions. On many cameras, including Canon and Nikon, you can vary one of those settings to suit your scene.

For example, I often shoot in Program mode on my Canon EOS 5D Mark III. This is because the main control wheel allows me to change the combination of shutter speed and aperture very easily. And in many situations, that’s all the control I need.

Program mode allows me to choose my own ISO setting and white balance. And I have full control over other aspects of shooting like AF mode, AF selection, and exposure compensation. I also have full control over metering mode while in P. It’s a powerful and flexible option.

These are the settings that the camera controls in Program mode:

• Shutter speed
• Aperture (or at least the combination of the two)

The settings you control:

• ISO
• White balance
• Focus mode
• Exposure compensation
• Focus points
• Metering mode
• Flash exposure compensation
• Choosing between RAW or JPEG
• Burst mode

Why Use Program Mode?

In some ways, Program mode lets you work a little faster than one of the other shooting modes. You can focus on the aperture setting without worrying about the shot being over or underexposed. When you’re used to it, it’s about as flexible as Priority mode.

Why You May Not Want to Use Program Mode

If you need total control over shutter speed, then you won’t want to use Program mode. In sports photography, for example, you will probably want to set the shutter speed and let the camera take care of the rest.

3. Shutter Speed (Tv) Priority Mode

Shutter Priority is a semi-automatic shooting mode in photography. Some cameras call it Time value (Tv) mode. You set the desired shutter speed and the camera adjusts the aperture for proper exposure. It does this based on the scene’s lighting conditions and the camera’s metering.

Controlling your shutter speed is the key to creating several effects. As we’ve seen in the last two photos, you can suggest speed and movement with a slow shutter. Or freeze the action with a fast shutter speed to reflect the stillness of the moment.

These are the settings that the camera controls in Shutter Speed Priority mode:

• Aperture

What you control:

• Shutter speed
• ISO
• White balance
• Focus mode
• Exposure compensation
• Focus points
• Metering mode
• Flash exposure compensation
• Choosing between RAW or JPEG
• Burst mode

Why Use Shutter Priority (Tv) Mode?

There are some times when you need absolute control over the shutter speed but are too busy to concentrate on aperture as well. Shutter priority is great for sporting events, for example. You can’t fix blurry photos in post-production, so use Tv mode to make sure the action is frozen.

Why You May Not Want to Use Shutter Priority

If there’s plenty of light and no fast-moving objects, shutter speed becomes less important. You’re much better off setting the camera to Aperture Priority and choosing a setting that affects your depth of field or sharpness.

Shooting fast-moving objects or long exposures is the only time I use Shutter Speed Priority mode.

4. Aperture Priority Mode

Aperture Priority Mode (often called Av) allows you to set the aperture. The size of the aperture has one main impact on your image apart from altering the amount of light. It changes the depth of field.

Understanding how to use depth of field is one of the key learning points in photography. Broadly speaking, a wide aperture (small f-number) gives a narrow depth of field. A small aperture (large f-number) gives a large depth of field.

In the picture below, a narrow depth of field allows us to concentrate on the in-focus mannequin.

After you choose an aperture, the camera automatically adjusts the shutter speed to achieve proper exposure. It does this based on the scene’s lighting conditions and the camera’s metering.

If you want to select how much of the image is in focus, choosing the aperture is the way to do it. Unlike the narrow depth of field above, the photo below uses a smaller aperture. This means that not just the horizon is in focus, but the beach as well. Using a 24mm focal length helps with this because wide-angle lenses have a greater depth of field than telephoto ones.

These are the settings that the camera controls in Aperture Priority mode:

• Shutter speed

What you control:

• Aperture
• ISO
• White balance
• Focus mode
• Exposure compensation
• Focus points
• Metering mode
• Flash exposure compensation
• Choose between RAW or JPEG
• Burst mode

Why Use Aperture Priority Mode?

For most lenses, the sharpest aperture is between about f/8 and f/11. If you want to shoot images that have the entire scene in focus, this is worth bearing in mind.

As we have seen, another reason to use a wide aperture is to control depth of field. But this isn’t always easy. For example, if you want a narrow depth of field, you would choose a wide aperture. But if the light is very bright, you would also need a fast shutter speed.

Sometimes, your camera might “run out” of shutter speed, even if you have the ISO down as low as possible. One solution to this is the neutral density (ND) filter. For landscape photographers, an ND filter can be a real blessing.

Why You May Not Want to Use Aperture Priority

You might not want to use Aperture Priority mode for the same reason that you would use Shutter Speed Priority mode. And this is when you need to ensure the shutter speed stays within a certain range.

You also would not want to use it if the lighting is dark or inconsistent. You would want to use Manual mode to constantly adjust your exposure to best suit what you’re shooting.

5. Manual Mode

Manual mode provides full manual control over exposure settings. You have complete freedom to adjust all camera settings. It is unlike other semi-automatic or automatic modes in that the camera doesn’t have any control over any setting.

This mode requires you to determine and set all parameters. It offers maximum creative freedom and control over the image’s final look and exposure.

These are the settings that the camera controls in Manual mode:

• None

What you control:

• Shutter speed
• Aperture
• ISO
• White balance
• Focus mode
• Exposure compensation
• Focus Points
• Metering mode
• Flash exposure compensation
• Choosing between RAW or JPEG
• Burst mode

Why Use Manual Mode?

Manual mode gives you all the control you could want over your camera. Everything is completely up to you. This can be a challenge, but it’s also the key to creative freedom. If you’re working with an off-camera flash, you’ll usually find that Manual mode is the best.

If you’ve never tried Manual mode, give it a go! You might make some mistakes along the way, but you’ll discover new photographic possibilities.

In this photo, I used an f/14 aperture for a large depth of field. The shutter speed is 1/400 s to make sure that any movement from the boat doesn’t cause blur. And the ISO is set at 200 because the light is so bright and I wanted to avoid noise. I used spot metering to make sure the boat was exposed properly. I used a +1 exposure compensation to make sure the shadows kept their details. There’s no post-processing.

Why You May Not Want to Use Manual Mode

There are lots of reasons to shoot in Manual mode. But there are reasons why other modes would work just as well.

In fast-moving situations, you might want the camera to do some of the work for you. Photographing sports, for instance, you might set a fast shutter speed and then let the camera choose the aperture.

Conclusion: Camera Shooting Modes

Understanding and mastering camera shooting modes is crucial for every photographer. These five essential settings empower you to control your exposure for any creative effect you want. They help you capture the perfect shot in diverse scenarios.

Knowing how to use Manual mode is important. But so is knowing when to use semi-auto shooting modes, which will definitely come in handy in certain scenarios. It will unlock a world of endless photographic possibilities!

Check out our Photography for Beginners course to master shooting in Manual mode!

We reviewed a wide range of models to help you find the best Sony camera. And we chose brilliant all-around cameras that shoot stunning photos and videos. There are vlogging cameras for budding social media stars. Plus, there are more advanced cameras for those wanting a head start.

The Sony ZV-1 II is our choice as the best Sony camera for beginners. It’s a brilliant compact camera perfectly equipped for making social media content. The picture quality is excellent for stills, and it’s packed with video features for aspiring content creators.

Our Top 3 Choices for The Best Sony Cameras for Beginners

Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Sony a6400

Sony a6400

Sony a6700

Sony a6700

What Is the Best Sony Camera for Beginners?

The best Sony camera for beginners is easy to use, produces top-quality media, and should be within your budget. For those reasons, our top three picks are the Sony ZV-1 II, a6400, and ZV-1F.

Most of the cameras on our list are completely beginner-friendly. With just a quick scan of the manual, you can pick one up and start taking pictures. We have a few more advanced models at the end of the list, but the top three are true entry-level cameras anyone can use.

When looking for a beginner camera from Sony, consider the type of media you want to create. Do you want a camera to master still photography? Or do you want to create videos? And if you want a video camera, do you want to create cinema-style or social media-style videos?

Thankfully, we’ve all bases covered. Here’s an overview of all the best Sony cameras for beginners. The following section looks at each Sony camera in more detail. And we have an FAQ section at the end if you need more information before you buy.

Our Top Choice

Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Sony ZV-1 Mark II

• 18-50mm fixed zoom lens
• 4K video recording at 30 fps
• Gyroscopic video stabilization
• Specialist cinematic vlog setting
• Built-in 3-capsule microphone

Affordable All-Rounder

Sony a6400

Sony a6400

• Next-gen speed with world's fastest 0.02 sec AF
• Enhanced subject capture over 84% of the sensor
• Fast and accurate with up to 11fps continuous shooting
• Multiple movie functions for varied video options
• Tiltable LCD screen customizable for various needs

Best Budget Camera

Sony ZV-1F

Sony ZV-1F

• Face- and eye-detection AF for humans and animals
• Compact and lightweight body
• Convenient USB charging
• 4K video resolution at 30 fps
• Full HD 120 fps slow-motion video recording
• Built-in 3-capsule mic for audio recording

Best for Photography

Sony a6700

Sony a6700

• 26 MP APS-C sensor for stunning image quality
• Latest AI technology for superior subject recognition
• BIONZ XR processing ensures exceptional picture clarity
• Cinematic 4K/60p 6K oversampled video recording
• High frame rate 4K/120p to record smooth action

Best for Vlogging

Sony ZV-E10

Sony ZV-E10

• Large APS-C sensor guarantees high-quality imagery
• E-mount lens system for creative flexibility
• Flip-out vari-angle LCD designed for vloggers
• 4K Movie oversampled from 6K for sharp visuals
• Easy live streaming with a single USB cable

Best Full-Frame Camera

Sony ZV-E1

Sony ZV-E1

• Full-frame sensor optimized for stunning 4K imagery
• AI Processor, Real-time Recognition for precision tracking
• 5-axis stabilization for smooth and stable recording
• Cinematic Vlog Setting for movie-like footage creation
• 10-bit recording with flexible formats for creative freedom

6 Best Sony Cameras for Beginners

Now, we look at each entry-level Sony camera. We go through all the main specifications. And we look at the strengths of each model, so you can see which camera is best for you.

It isn’t the longest list of cameras. But we’ve sifted out the poor-performing ones, leaving only the best Sony cameras for beginners.

1. Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Released	Released 2023
Sensor Format	Sensor Format 1"
Lens Mount	Lens Mount None
Megapixels	Megapixels 20 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 315
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 12800
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 24 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features 18-50mm zoom lens, eye-detection AF, 3-capsule mic, dedicated vlog settings
Best For	Best For Aspiring vloggers and content creators just starting

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Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Amazon.com

$798.00 $899.99

Buy Now!

Amazon.co.uk

$828.54 $869.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.de

$830.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.es

$883.00 $999.99

Buy Now!

Amazon.it

$885.60 $999.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.com.au

$1,111.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.sg

$1,120.00

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Amazon.ca

$1,198.00

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Amazon.sa

$3,300.00 $3,699.00

Buy Now!

The ZV-1 II is the best Sony camera for beginners. It has a fixed 18-50mm zoom lens and is so compact that it practically fits in your pocket. It also has specialist features for vlogging and social media content creation.

It only has a one-inch sensor and a 20 MP image resolution. But that’s better than most smartphone cameras. Its image details are sharp, and the colors are vibrant, so still photographers will get a kick out of this camera.

But the ZV-1 Mark II is a camera marketed at vloggers and content creators. It can record stunning 4K videos at 30 frames per second (fps). That beats most of the content you see on social media. And you have faster frame rate options when you record in Full HD.

It also has video stabilization, thanks to a built-in gyroscopic system. This system reduces camera shake, allowing handheld shooting without a camera gimbal.

A rotating touchscreen makes it easy to film yourself. There’s a vertical video mode for social media-optimized videos. And it has a built-in three-capsule microphone. So you can record high-quality audio without extra equipment. You can also use it as a live-streaming webcam.

The autofocus (AF) system is also vlogger-friendly, thanks to its eye-detection capabilities. The camera won’t lose focus even if you move around a lot. It also works for animal eyes, which is great if you’re a pet vlogger.

The Sony ZV-1 II also has another secret weapon. The specialist cinematic vlog settings give your videos a classy touch few other entry-level cameras can replicate. These settings set your content apart in a busy online marketplace.

2. Sony a6400

Released	Released 2019
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Sony E
Megapixels	Megapixels 24.2 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 425
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 32000
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 11 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Real-time tracking AF, eye-detection AF, tiltable touchscreen
Best For	Best For Beginners looking for a solid all-round camera at a decent price

×

Sony a6400

Amazon.com

$748.00 $899.99

Buy Now!

Adorama

$799.00

Buy Now!

Moment

$898.00

Buy Now!

KEH

(second hand)

$859.63

Buy Now!

The Sony a6400 has been on the market for a few years now. Yet, it remains one of Sony’s most popular cameras. And that’s no surprise when you know it’s an all-around mirrorless camera that shoots photos and videos.

It’s compact and lightweight, even by mirrorless standards. The APS-C sensor captures 24.2 MP images in JPEG or RAW formats. The wide 100 to 102,400 ISO range enables shooting in various lighting conditions.

The video results are just as impressive with 4K at 30 fps video recording. Budding vloggers and moviemakers will appreciate this camera, too. You can even shoot 120 fps slow-motion videos in full HD.

The photography and video features are both backed by a sophisticated autofocus system. With 425 phase and 425 contrast detection points, it gives you incredible coverage. It’s fast to react and can track moving subjects without much trouble. It also has face and eye detection modes.

A tilting touchscreen is also helpful for shooting photos and videos. And it has ports for external audio devices like headphones and microphones. With AF support, a burst mode gives you 11 fps shooting at full resolution. Plus, the camera has Wi-Fi connectivity.

The a6400 is still a brilliant Sony camera for beginners. Although it’s slightly older, the price is more than reasonable when buying brand new. And its features are still up to date.

3. Sony ZV-1F

Released	Released 2022
Sensor Format	Sensor Format 1"
Lens Mount	Lens Mount None
Megapixels	Megapixels 20 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 425
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 12800
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 16 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Eye-detection AF, built-in 3-capsule mic, rotating touchscreen
Best For	Best For Beginners looking for a pocket camera with good specs at a good price

×

Sony ZV-1F

Moment

$399.99 $499.99

Buy Now!

Adorama

$419.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.com

$498.00

Buy Now!

Sony Electronics

$499.99

Buy Now!

The Sony ZV-1F is a great choice if you want a pocket-sized camera that delivers. As a compact camera, it’s super small and compact. It has a fixed lens, so you don’t need to spend extra on more lenses. And it has decent photo and video specs.

The fixed Zeiss lens has a 20mm focal length. It has no zoom, which is disappointing. But it does give you a lovely wide field of view, which is perfect for videos and vlogs. It also has an f/2 maximum aperture, giving you excellent low-light performance.

Like the ZV-1 II, the ZV-1F has a one-inch sensor. But despite its small size, it still offers a 20 MP image resolution. This is a big improvement over the quality of most smartphone images.

Vloggers and content creators will enjoy the 4K video at 30 fps. The reliable autofocus with eye-detection capabilities supports this. The camera also has gyroscopic stabilization for shake-free videos.

A rotating LCD screen helps you film yourself when you’re alone. You have external ports for microphones and other devices. But the ZV-1F also has a built-in microphone and sound muffler for better-quality audio outdoors.

Tech-savvy youngsters will love to use the Sony ZV-1F. They can use it remotely when paired with a smartphone using Wi-Fi connectivity. And it doubles as a webcam when hooked up to a laptop. That’s good news for live streamers.

4. Sony a6700

Released	Released 2023
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Sony E
Megapixels	Megapixels 26 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 759
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 32000
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 11 fps
In-body Stabilization	In-body Stabilization 1
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Face-detection AF, gyroscopic video stabilization, USB charging, weather-sealed body
Best For	Best For Beginners looking for the latest beginner-friendly Sony camera

×

Sony a6700

Adorama

$1,398.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.com

$1,398.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.co.uk

$1,429.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.de

$1,499.00 $1,699.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.it

$1,599.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.es

$1,615.00 $1,699.99

Buy Now!

Amazon.sg

$2,140.00

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Amazon.ca

$2,399.99

Buy Now!

Amazon.sa

$6,453.82

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The Sony a6700 is the latest version in the a6000 line of APS-C mirrorless cameras. The previously mentioned Sony a6400 is an older model on the same line. And the a6700 is a more advanced version with updated features.

The first thing to note is the image resolution, which is 26 MP on this model. That’s an increase of nearly two megapixels. That might not sound like much, but it makes a noticeable difference to image quality.

You also have 4K video recording, but 10-bit 4:2:2 color sampling adds to the quality. The Sony a6700 gives you a frame rate of 30 fps and 60 fps at full resolution.

A super-fast 240 fps rate is also available when filming in Full HD. That gives you gorgeous slow-motion footage.

Another advantage of the newer model is the built-in image stabilization. It’s a five-axis stabilization system with up to five stops of exposure compensation. This gives you more exposure control in low light.

Sony has introduced the power of AI into the autofocus system. It now uses AI for faster, more accurate focusing and tracking. This kind of AF performance is impressive for an APS-C camera.

There’s no built-in microphone, but the body has ports for external devices. The LCD screen also rotates, so you can easily take selfies and record vlogs. You can also use it as a webcam for high-res conference calls and live streams.

The Sony a6700 is one of the most advanced ASP-C cameras. It’s still suitable for beginner photographers. But the extra features do come at a cost. It’s more expensive than the a6400, but having the latest model is worth it if you have the budget.

5. Sony ZV-E10

Released	Released 2021
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Sony E
Megapixels	Megapixels 24 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 425
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 32000
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 11 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Face- and eye-detection AF, no video time limit, directional microphone, mic port, rotating LCD
Best For	Best For Aspiring filmmakers looking for an affordable high-res camera

×

Sony ZV-E10

Amazon.com

$598.00 $699.99

Buy Now!

Adorama

$609.00

Buy Now!

B&H

$698.00

Buy Now!

Focus Camera

$698.00

Buy Now!

If you’re an aspiring filmmaker without a Hollywood budget, the Sony ZV-E10 is the perfect choice. It captures stunning still photos. But video is where this Sony camera shines.

With a 4K resolution, you can record beautiful, uncropped videos. This resolution is oversampled from 6K, giving you even better playback quality. The 30 fps frame rate is good enough for most users. But there are 60 and 120 fps options when shooting in Full HD.

There’s in-body audio recording thanks to the built-in directional microphone. And you have ports for external devices if you want to use professional mics for better audio quality.

An advanced image stabilization system lets you shoot video handheld with smoother results. You don’t need to spend extra for a gimbal or camera stabilizer.

Like the Sony a6700, the ZV-E10 uses artificial intelligence for enhanced focusing. It gives you exceptional eye-detection and subject tracking when shooting photos and videos.

It doesn’t have five-axis image stabilization, but it does have gyroscopic video stabilization. This isn’t as effective as the five-axis sensor-shift system. But it still gives you smoother footage when shooting handheld.

Webcam functionality makes the Sony ZV-E10 a good choice for Twitch and YouTube streamers. The Wi-Fi connectivity helps to link with other devices. And the affordable price makes it a great starter camera for filmmakers.

6. Sony ZV-E1

Released	Released 2023
Sensor Format	Sensor Format Full Frame
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Sony E
Megapixels	Megapixels 12 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 759
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 102400
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 10 fps
In-body Stabilization	In-body Stabilization 1
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features AI processor, lens breathing correction, cinematic vlog setting, USB charging
Best For	Best For Seriously enthusiastic filmmakers and vloggers

×

Sony ZV-E1

Amazon.com

$1,898.00 $2,199.99

Buy Now!

Amazon.co.uk

$1,949.83 $2,349.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.de

$2,249.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.it

$2,391.30 $2,699.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.es

$2,550.18 $2,699.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.com.au

$2,878.00 $3,799.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.ca

$2,998.00

Buy Now!

Amazon.sa

$7,499.00

Buy Now!

The Sony ZV-E1 is a full-frame version of the Sony ZV-E10. That means it has a larger full-frame sensor. And while the sensor only has a 12 MP resolution for still images, the video specs are exceptional.

You get 4K resolution—that’s 4K recording with 10-bit 4:2:2 color. But the camera also records stunning 4K slow-mo videos with a 120 fps frame rate. When shooting video, there’s no time limit; you’re only limited by the memory available in your SD cards.

An AI-enhanced autofocus system gives you 92% frame coverage. And you get accurate face- and eye-detection focusing with subject tracking. It’s just as reliable with video as it is with photography. And it works with animal eyes. So you can go pro with pet content.

You can leave your video tripod at home when filming with the ZV-E1. It has gyroscopic and five-axis sensor-shift stabilization. This gives you better low-light exposure control and reduces camera shake when shooting handheld.

A built-in directional mic lets you record audio with the video. The camera also has all the necessary ports and jacks for external microphones and camera monitors.

The AI processor also helps you with framing, automatically cropping your frame. And the cinematic vlog setting gives your videos a professional look that will help them attract more attention on social media.

The Sony ZV-E1 isn’t exactly an entry-level camera. It’s more advanced than most beginner cameras. And the price will put it out of reach for many. But the ZV-E1 is a great camera if you want to grow your passion for cinematography and filmmaking.

Best Sony Cameras for Beginners FAQs

Buying a camera for beginners is a big commitment. It’s not a decision you should rush into. That’s why we’ve answered some of the most frequently asked questions about Sony cameras for beginners.

Why Choose a Sony Camera?

You know you’re getting a reliable camera if you buy a Sony. It has been one of the biggest names in electronics for years. And over the last 15 years, Sony has become one of the best digital camera brands.

Sony was one of the first manufacturers to dedicate themselves to mirrorless camera systems instead of DSLRs. And now they have some industry-leading cameras with incredible specifications.

Is a Sony Camera a Good Choice for Beginners?

Yes, their beginner cameras are some of the best, most well-rounded cameras on the market. Sony pushes boundaries at the professional end, and that advanced technology trickles down into their more entry-level models.

Sony hasn’t traditionally had the leading entry-level cameras compared to Nikon and Canon. But as more people choose , Sony has become a competitor in the beginner photography market.

Sony cameras are also excellent hybrid cameras. That means they take fantastic photos and shoot stunning videos.

As we’ve seen, every one of their beginner cameras has 4K video resolution as standard. This is in addition to other advanced features like eye-detection AF and video stabilization.

Which Sony Camera Is Best for Photography?

All the Sony cameras listed here are excellent for both photography and videography. But some versions prioritize video features over photography features.

The cameras from the Sony a6000 series are still excellent for photography purists. The Sony a6400 and a6700 have an APS-C sensor, which you usually find in entry-level cameras.

The a6400 has a 24.2 MP resolution, which is great for a camera at this level. This is a big jump up from most smartphone cameras. And its powerful processor gives you exceptional still images.

The Sony a6700 has an even higher resolution of 26 MP. That extra 2 MP significantly improves image quality, making it one of the best APS-C cameras.

Both have wide ISO ranges, starting at 100 for maximum quality and rising to 102,400 when expanded. That gives you excellent flexibility in changeable lighting conditions. The a6700 is especially good at producing low-noise images when using high ISO settings.

Another helpful photography feature of the Sony a6700 is five-axis stabilization. It compensates for camera shake, allowing you to use slower shutter speeds with less risk of blur. This gives you incredible exposure control when taking pictures.

While the Sony a6400 and a6700 have fantastic video specs, they are the best Sony cameras for photography beginners. They have all the features you need to learn the basics, develop your skills, and explore your style. And you have video features if you needed.

Which Sony Camera Is Best for Vlogging?

All Sony mirrorless cameras have excellent video specifications and features. You can use any camera on our list as a vlogging camera. But some Sony cameras have specialist vlogging features for better content.

The Sony ZV-1 II is the best starting place for young vloggers. It’s a compact camera with a wide-angle zoom lens, which is ideal for filming yourself. The rotating LCD screen also helps with that. The built-in microphone lets you record audio with no extra equipment.

Serious vloggers should consider the Sony ZV-E10. It has been optimized to create high-quality vlogging content. There’s no 4K video recording time limit. So you can film more long-form media. And it has everything you need for high-standard audio recording.

The Sony ZV-1F is a great vlogging camera if you’re on a tight budget. Some specs don’t quite match the ZV-1 II. But it still delivers good-quality videos. It features a wide-angle lens, a built-in mic, and a rotating touchscreen. Its 4K video resolution is excellent, too.

If you’re creating a Twitch or YouTube channel, the Sony ZV-E1 is a good choice. It’s a full-frame mirrorless camera. It’s pricier than the others. But you get even better picture quality.

It has two types of image stabilization. The 4K has a 10-bit 4:2:2 color recording. And you can record 4K with a super-fast 120 fps frame rate.

What Other Brands Have Good Cameras for Beginners?

Canon and Nikon are the other brands that have good cameras for beginners. You can read our article about the best Canon cameras for beginners and our post about the best Nikon cameras for beginners.

Canon has become the biggest name in photography. They have excellent cameras for photographers at all photography levels. But their entry-level options are particularly good.

The Canon EOS R100 is the perfect example. It’s an affordable mirrorless camera that does the basics exceptionally well. It is more stripped down than some of their other R-series models. But it’s the perfect camera for learning the art of photography.

Nikon is the other master of beginner cameras. Their Nikon D3500 was the king of entry-level cameras. But since that was discontinued, Nikon has replaced it with some excellent mirrorless cameras that beginners will love.

The Nikon Z50 is our recommendation for beginners if you want a Nikon. It’s a compact and lightweight APS-C mirrorless with excellent specs for photography. The video features aren’t bad either, so it’s a good option for wannabe filmmakers.

The Best Canon and Nikon Cameras for Beginners

Canon EOS R100

Canon EOS R100

Nikon Z50

Nikon Z50

Conclusion: The Best Sony Cameras for Beginners

We highly recommend all the best Sony cameras for beginners on our list. Each camera has its strengths, and some will appeal to certain photographers more than others.

But every Sony camera on our list deserves your consideration. Whether you’re a photography enthusiast or the next social media vlog star, there’s a Sony camera for you.

The Sony ZV-1 II is our favorite Sony camera for beginners. It’s a brilliant compact camera that takes gorgeous images and is perfectly equipped for video production. With 20 MP images, 4K video, and heaps of extra features, there’s plenty for beginners to play with.

Our Top 3 Choices for The Best Sony Cameras for Beginners

Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Sony ZV-1 Mark II

Sony a6400

Sony a6400

Sony a6700

Sony a6700

What Is Deep Depth of Field?

A deep depth of field is a term describing a range of focus where most of the elements are in focus. This is the opposite of a shallow depth of focus, where much less of the scene or subject is in focus. A deep depth of field is also known as having a narrow aperture.

How Do You Get a Deep Depth of Field?

You create a deep depth of field using a higher aperture number (smaller aperture size). A smaller aperture size means less light gets let in through the lens. To counter this reduction in light, you have to use a slower shutter speed or higher ISO.

Aperture numbers between f/16 and f/22 are considered to have a deep depth of field. Some analog cameras can go up to f/64 and even higher!

When Should You Use a Deep Depth of Field?

A deep depth of focus is best for landscape photography, as you get the whole landscape in focus. It is also good for product or real estate photography, where you want to see the entirety of the subject or scene.

You also want to use a deep depth of field for photojournalism or reportage photography. This is because the surrounding areas of your subject provide more context to the photograph.

A deep depth of field is also a stylistic choice, just like a shallow depth of field. A photograph with the same frame but a different depth of field looks completely different. Try this for yourself.

You shouldn’t use one technique the entire time. But you should be able to change your approach depending on your subject. Which parts of your image do you want in focus? Which parts do you want to remain out of focus?

What Is Depth of Field in General?

Depth of field is the range of distance that is in focus when your desired subject is in focus. It spans a distance in front of and behind your selected focal point.

What Is Shallow Depth of Field?

A shallow depth of field has a short range of focus distance. Some professional lenses only have a range of a couple of centimeters! Read our article about the difference between deep and shallow depth of field to learn more.

Conclusion: Deep Depth of Field

After reading these short sections, you will understand how a deep depth of field works. Understanding depth of field is a great step toward mastering a camera’s manual settings. If you grasp this concept, you are on your way to becoming a confident photographer.

Check out our Photography Unlocked eBook to learn more about manual camera settings. If you try all the techniques it outlines, you will shoot in manual settings in no time! This will give you the freedom and creative expression you want from photography.

When I switched to professional photography, I asked my lifelong friend and pro Stuart Boreham what he thought of mirrorless cameras. His brief reply was, “I don’t.”

Well, things have changed, and you might wonder what the best way forward for your gear is. Should it be mirrorless or DSLR? We’ve compiled this guide to show the differences and remove the stress.

Flagship Canon, Nikon, and Sony Full-Frame Mirrorless Cameras

Canon EOS R5

Canon EOS R5

Nikon Z9

Nikon Z9

Sony a1

Sony a1

Mirrorless vs DSLR Cameras

We examine the history of the two camera formats and the pros and cons of each. We think the future is mirrorless, but the answer might still be a DSLR for some people. After reading our article, you’ll know which is right for you.

What Is a DSLR?

A Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera is the direct, digital descendant of the Single Lens Reflex camera (SLR). And those are called “Single” lens reflex because they followed the Twin Lens Reflex camera, most famously made by Rollei. 

The Twin Lens Reflex Camera

When you use a TLR, you look down into the viewfinder. The top lens projects an image via a mirror (hence “reflex”) onto a ground glass screen. The bottom lens then captures the image on the film.

The advantage of the TLR is that you can look at the viewfinder rather than through it, which helps with composition. The film also gives a 2-1/4-inch (6 cm) square image. 

The disadvantages are many. The image in the viewfinder is reversed, so you have to learn to pan left when you want to move right. They also don’t work well in bright sunlight.

Plus, to focus accurately, you might need to flip out the magnifier to check that everything is correct. And parallax errors creep in as you get closer to your subject.

The Single Lens Reflex Camera

These problems were eliminated over time by the development of the SLR. It’s a combination of some pretty amazing engineering and technology. But if you want to use one lens for viewing and shooting, you need some clever solutions.

Two things are essential for an SLR to work. A moveable mirror that swings up out of the way when the shutter fires and a pentaprism.

The mirror, angled at 45 degrees, sends the image to a ground glass focusing screen and then to the viewfinder. When the shutter is pressed, it rapidly swings up and out of the way, letting light reach the film. It then returns to the starting position.

The pentaprism bounces the image from the focusing screen off two surfaces and directs it to the viewfinder. That process sends the light in the same direction it originally traveled. It corrects the image reversal so the viewfinder sees the scene as it is.

It’s a slick operation. Take the flagship Canon EOS 1-V, their last great SLR. It could shoot at 10 frames per second (fps). That’s the same speed as your blink reflex.

In that incredibly short time, it flips up the mirror, opens and closes two shutter curtains, and closes the iris to the required aperture. Then, it returns the mirror to the starting place, opens the aperture, and winds the film onto the next frame. Incredible!

The current Canon DSLR flagship, the EOS 1D X Mark III, shoots at 16 fps. That’s partly because it doesn’t have to wind the film.

For a DSLR, this is the limit of what is physically and mechanically possible. You can lock up the mirror and shoot at 20 fps in Live View mode, but that’s your limit.

But then innovations came along. The arrival of Through The Lens (TTL) metering meant you could set the exposure while looking through the viewfinder. At first, you had to stop the lens down to do this, making the image dark in certain circumstances.

Eventually, it became possible to overcome that. Autofocus came along, and fancy innovations like semi-silvered mirrors allowed metering and focus. My last Canon SLR even had eye-controlled focus.

Flagship Canon, Nikon, and Pentax Full-Frame DSLR Cameras

Canon EOS 1D X Mark III

Canon EOS 1D X Mark III

Nikon D6

Nikon D6

Pentax K-1 Mark II

Pentax K-1 Mark II

The Arrival of the DSLR

It then became possible to make camera sensors of high enough quality to be used in expensive cameras. That meant the Digital SLR arrived, and the age of the DSLR was born!

It’s worth noting that the first Canon pro-level DSLR, the EOS 1D, had a 4.15 MP sensor. That’s laughable in today’s terms. But, the revolution had happened. The DSLR gradually replaced the SLR in every area of use. 

There were many advantages to digital. You could take many more photos than the 36 allowed by 135 film. (There was a curious bulk film back available for some pro SLRs that gave up to 750 shots on a 100-meter roll of bulk film. But that was an exception.)

With digital, you can see the result immediately and adjust accordingly. Eventually, DSLRs outgunned SLRs in every aspect. But it was a while before they impacted the professional market.

What Is a Mirrorless Camera?

Besides (D)SLRs, almost every camera is “mirrorless.” So, describing one particular camera style as mirrorless is a little odd. But it’s shorthand for an interchangeable-lens camera that relies on electronics to show the user what is being framed in the shot.

Sony blazed the trail with their Alpha 7R in 2013. But it was five more years until the heavyweights of pro photography, Canon and Nikon, followed suit. In the following five years, the mirrorless camera was not just a viable competitor but increasingly a superior beast.

Mirrorless vs DSLR Features

We will now compare the camera features of DSLR vs mirrorless.

Types of Viewfinders

There are two main approaches to letting the user see the framed image. Pretty much every mirrorless camera has a screen for viewing the images. And some have an electronic viewfinder (EVF) as well.

An EVF is a small screen you look at through an SLR-style viewfinder. There are advantages over what you get with a DSLR. For one thing, you can see the real-time effects whenever you adjust your exposure.

There are other advantages. Modern camera sensors are amazingly sensitive in low light. This means you can see things with an EVF that are near-invisible through a DSLR viewfinder.

There are some shortcomings, though. Because it is a screen, there is some lag in the image. As technology improves, this becomes less of an issue. And it’s most noticeable when the camera, subject, or both move quickly.

The best mirrorless cameras reduce these issues to a negligible minimum. But it’s something to consider when comparing the two types of cameras. One reason for using the EVF has little to do with how we see things.

The traditional photographer’s stance is undoubtedly second only to a tripod for stability. Elbows in, one hand under the camera, and face pressed to the camera as you look through the viewfinder. It’s impossible to achieve with a viewfinder-less camera.

On the other hand, the EVF adds bulk. One advantage of the mirrorless camera is that it can be more compact than its DSLR cousin. As with all things concerning camera gear, it’s a tradeoff of features. We all have to decide the balance for our needs, wants, and budget.

Camera Shutters

There are some areas where mirrorless cameras have left the DSLR way behind. One is in drive speed, called “burst rate,” measured in frames per second (fps). This “frames per second” measures how many shots a camera can take per second in burst mode.

As we saw earlier, the shutter in a DSLR performs many very fast, precise mechanical actions. But there are limits. You can make a mirror mechanism faster by making it lighter. But at some point, you reach the physical limits.

A mirrorless camera only has to focus on the shutter itself. Most high-end mirrorless cameras offer both a mechanical and an electronic shutter.

The former is likely a focal-plane shutter. Two “curtains” move across the aperture at the back of the camera in front of the sensor. The gap left between these two curtains determines the shutter speed. This feature is a leftover from SLRs.

The focal plane shutter is fast and reliable. But it has the disadvantage of limiting flash sync speed. And in most cases, the fastest shutter speed you get is 1/8000 s (seconds). But it’s fair to say that’s pretty fast.

DSLRs that offer a Live View mode also use an electronic shutter. The mirror is locked up, and the image falls constantly on the sensor. The mechanical shutter usually plays a role in the final exposure.

Mirrorless cameras can also offer an electronic shutter. Now, this isn’t a shutter as such. It describes turning on the individual pixels for the required exposure. This has the advantage of allowing faster shutter speeds and faster drive speeds.

At the beginning of 2024, Sony caused a little stir by announcing that their Alpha 9 Mark III would feature a “global” shutter—a first for a full-frame camera. Simply put, a global shutter exposes every pixel at the same time.

Conventional electronic shutters expose a band of pixels at a time. This is because the data needs to be processed. Of course, the more data there is, the more processing power you need.

Sony has produced a processor that can handle this high demand, resulting in an astonishing 120 fps drive speed. Another advantage of a global shutter is that it almost eliminates the rolling shutter effect.

It also offers absurdly fast flash sync speeds. And in the Sony, you get a maximum shutter speed of 1/80,000 s. For comparison, that’s about twice as fast as a lightning flash!

This is probably at the heart of why the DSLR is no longer the gold standard in photography. A DSLR cannot compete with a camera that can shoot 120 fps with focus tracking turned on.

Autofocus

One main advantage of mirrorless cameras over DSLRs is the autofocus. Autofocus systems have come a long way over the years. Modern systems can now detect eyes, distinguish between humans and animals, and track them as they move.

Mirrorless cameras have a distinct advantage in this. A DSLR AF system typically uses a semi-silvered mirror. This lets some light pass to the focus screen and some to the AF sensor. This is a decent solution, but it limits the coverage of the AF to a degree.

A mirrorless camera does not need a mirror, which means the AF functions happen on the sensor itself. Thus, the AF coverage can be across the whole sensor. It also has access to all the light passing through the lens.

This also means you’re more likely to find phase detection or hybrid AF systems on a mirrorless camera. This increases the speed and accuracy of the process.

Sensors

Once a clear dividing line between the two types of cameras, mirrorless cameras now have sensors at least as good as their DSLR counterparts.

For example, the top-of-the-range Canons (the EOS-1D X Mark III and the EOS R3) share the same DIGIC X processor. But the mirrorless R3 has a bigger and better sensor than the DSLR EOS-1D X.

The R3 is backlit with Dual Pixel AF capability. It outguns the DSLR in AF zones, speed, and control. Eye-control focus means that the camera focuses where you look.

Build Quality

Again, it used to be the case that if you wanted pro-level build quality and weather sealing, you had to get a DSLR. But now, you will find that mirrorless cameras match DSLR specs at every level.

If you find a DSLR too big and bulky, a mirrorless can win you over. Using the Canon examples above, the R3 body is nearly a full pound (450 g) lighter than the DSLR. And if you want to choose a mirrorless camera without EVF, then the difference will be even greater.

What Is the Future of DSLR and Mirrorless Cameras?

Smart money should be spent on mirrorless cameras, which means manufacturers’ R&D investments. DSLR production is stagnant at best and now a tale of discontinued models.

All the innovations come in the mirrorless camera world. It’s easy to see how the format will continue to outstrip what we thought was possible.

Expect to see the major manufacturers consolidate their mirrorless ranges and push their capabilities with ever-more eye-watering functionality. Eye-control focus, global shutters, pre-release image capture, and 6K video will likely become more commonplace.

Conclusion: Mirrorless vs DSLR Cameras

I discovered that my friend Stuart (the one mentioned at the beginning of the article who scoffed at mirrorless cameras) bought a professional Canon mirrorless camera. This shows just how far the future of photography is heading when it comes to DSLR vs mirrorless.

The arguments stack up more and more on the mirrorless side. If you’re looking for a cheap first “serious” camera, there’s much to say about finding a good used DSLR. This is especially true if it comes with lenses with which to play.

If you’re building a system from scratch, a mirrorless camera is a clear winner. Whether you’re a casual user, serious enthusiast, or pro, the future is mirrorless.

Flagship Canon, Nikon, and Sony Full-Frame Mirrorless Cameras

Canon EOS R5

Canon EOS R5

Nikon Z9

Nikon Z9

Sony a1

Sony a1

We’ve considered all of the camera specs of all of these cameras. And the iPhone 15 Pro’s sensor size, processor, and camera options put it in a class of its own.

The iPhone 15 Pro Max and iPhone 15 Pro are our top picks. Like the 14, they use the biggest sensor Apple has ever used. It has 48 MP, up to 240 fps slow motion, and sensor-shift image stabilization. It shares all of this with the previous generation iPhone 14.

With this new model, you also get the latest version of Smart HDR. And perhaps most significantly, on the Pro Max, there is a whole extra level of zoom. It adds a 5x optical zoom to the 0.5x, 1x, 2x, and 3x found on the iPhone 14 Pro and Pro Max. It’s a significant step up, and it makes it a worthy flagship for the tech giant. 

Our Top 3 Choices for The Best iPhone Camera

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

What Is the Best iPhone Camera?

All of the current iPhones offer excellent cameras. The image processing makes it easier than ever to achieve amazing results. We’ll look at the best iPhone cameras in more detail. But first, here’s a summary of the best models.

Our Top Pick

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

• Maximum 48MP sensor
• Up to 5x telephoto
• Macro capability
• 240 fps slow motion
• 4K video at 60 fps

Best All-Around iPhone

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

• 48MP sensor
• Three-camera system
• Macro and portrait modes
• 240 fps slow motion
• 4K video at 60 fps

Best iPhone 14

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

• 48 MP main sensor
• Sensor-shift image stabilization
• 77mm telephoto lens
• 4K video at up to 60 fps
• 240 fps slo-mo at up to 1080p

Best iPhone 13

Apple iPhone 13 Pro 128GB Alpine Green + Subscription

Apple iPhone 13 Pro 128GB Alpine Green + Subscription

• Three-camera system
• 12 MP on all cameras
• 4K video at up to 60 fps
• Sensor-shift image stabilization
• Portrait mode for enhanced bokeh

Best Value iPhone 14

Apple iPhone 14

Apple iPhone 14

• Two 12 MP rear cameras
• 4K video at up to 60 fps
• Sensor-shift image stabilization
• Comes with the Dynamic Island feature
• TrueDepth front camera with AF

Best Non-Pro Model

Apple iPhone 15 (128 GB)

Apple iPhone 15 (128 GB)

• 48 MP main sensor
• Fast f/1.7 lens
• 230 fps slow motion at 1080p
• 4K video
• Sensor-shift image stabilization

Best Budget iPhone 13

Apple iPhone 13 512GB Midnight + Carrier Sub

Apple iPhone 13 512GB Midnight + Carrier Sub

• 4K video at up to 60 fps
• 12 MP front and rear cameras
• Night mode
• Sensor-shift image stabilization
• Fast f/1.6 main camera

Which iPhone Has the Best iPhone Camera?

The current flagship iPhone leads the way for quality and versatility. But the other iPhone cameras in this review are all worth a look, especially if your budget won’t stretch to a brand-new iPhone 15 Pro Max.

1. iPhone 15 Pro Max

Release Date	Release Date 23/09/2023
Main Camera	Main Camera 48 MP
Telephoto Camera	Telephoto Camera 12 MP
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features Up to 5x zoom, True-Depth front camera with autofocus, Dynamic Island feature
Best For	Best For Anyone looking for the best iPhone with incredible cameras

×

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

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$695.00

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$1,199.00 $1,299.00

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$1,369.00 $1,579.00

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$1,549.00 $1,739.00

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$1,569.00 $1,719.00

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$2,340.45

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With the iPhone 15 Pro Max, Apple introduced a specification gap between their Pro Max and Pro models. The latest Pro Max adds a 5x telephoto, which isn’t included in its smaller sibling. All its other features are the same except for a bigger screen size.

The biggest upgrade with the 15 was the adoption of the USB-C port. Given that iPads and all modern Mac laptops have this, it isn’t such a leap. But there were also some improvements in camera features.

Some of these were aimed at video lovers. The iPhone 15 now has log video recording and Academy Color Encoding. Chances are you will know what these are if you need them. In short, they help to ensure both increased detail in highlight areas and consistency in color throughout the process.

There is a slight improvement in video capability. 4K video is now available at 60 fps, and you get ProRes 4K video at 60 fps on the front camera.

In most other respects, the new version is largely the same. The screen size and resolution are the same. Speed is improved with the A17 Pro chip and a 6-core GPU instead of the 5-core of the iPhone 14 Pro Max.

So, the changes are largely incremental, but the 5x telephoto is a genuine step up. The other improvements are all worthy, and the USB-C port could be important too. Apart from the overall compatibility, it allows the iPhone 15 Pro Max to record high quality video to an external drive. And that’s important, given how space-hungry pro-level video encoding is.

2. iPhone 15 Pro

Release Date	Release Date 23/09/2023
Main Camera	Main Camera 48 MP
Telephoto Camera	Telephoto Camera 12 MP
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features True-Depth front camera with autofocus, Dynamic Island feature
Best For	Best For Anyone looking for a comfortably sized iPhone with top features

×

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

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$0.01 $999.99

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$798.00 $949.00

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$899.00 $999.00

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$949.00 $1,239.00

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$1,069.00 $1,219.00

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Amazon.sg

$1,474.00 $1,664.25

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Amazon.com.au

$1,723.80 $1,849.00

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$3,929.00 $4,699.00

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As we have already seen, the iPhone 15 Pro shares most specs with the Pro Max. This makes it a very capable performer. One of the most remarkable capabilities of the iPhone 15 Pro range is its low-light shooting. You can shoot handheld in partial moonlight and still get beautiful photos. It’s remarkable.

The form factor of the Pro seems perfect to me. The Pro Max is too big for my taste, but for some it’s worth it for the 5x telephoto. And for some, the extra screen size or longer battery life makes it a compromise worth making. But for me, the iPhone 15 Pro hits the sweet spot of being large enough without being too much.

In many ways, the iPhone 15 Pro is neck and neck with the Pro Max. But the lack of the 5x telephoto is its one weakness. Nonetheless, it’s an outstanding camera phone.

3. iPhone 14 Pro Max

Release Date	Release Date 16/09/2022
Main Camera	Main Camera 48 MP
Telephoto Camera	Telephoto Camera 12 MP
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features True-Depth front camera with autofocus, Dynamic Island feature
Best For	Best For Anyone looking for a superb iPhone with incredible cameras

×

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

Amazon.com

$767.08

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When Apple released the iPhone 14 in September 2022, it marked a significant jump in camera specs. The previous flagship—the 13 Pro Max—had a 12 MP main camera. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max pushed this to 48 MP. Interestingly, they use this 48 MP capacity to give what Apple calls “optical-quality zoom.” In effect, you shoot in 48 MP RAW and can zoom (aka crop) to a 12 MP 2x telephoto.

We’ve put the Pro and Pro Max together in this review. That’s because their photo capabilities are the same. The difference is in the size of the screen. If you don’t mind the extra size, you’ll get to appreciate your photos much more on the bigger screen.

The 48 MP main camera on the iPhone 14 Pro/14 Pro Max is a 24mm f/1.78 seven-element lens. It is notable for its quad-pixel construction and its sensor-shift image stabilization (IS). This is used to give supersmooth video and to keep your shots sharp.

A 12 MP 2x telephoto 48mm f/1.78 “lens” is achieved by using a sensor crop from the main camera. Both have 100% focus pixels, which means both have edge-to-edge autofocus.

The 12 MP ultra-wide lens is a 13mm f/2.2 six-element lens. The 120-degree field of view will give you GoPro-like images and video. Like the main camera, it has 100% focus pixels.

The final lens on the back of the phone is a 12 MP 77mm f/2.8 six-element telephoto lens. It has optical IS in both photo and video modes.

So the camera configurations are impressive. But smartphone cameras are not all about lens sizes and specs. What enables your tiny smartphone camera lens to produce stunning results is the software.

Once the light from the lens hits the sensor, smartphone manufacturers apply lots of tweaks. These make up for the shortcomings of the small lens, which is smaller than a fingernail.

One example of this is the portrait-friendly 77mm lens. It benefits from its large-ish maximum aperture to produce bokeh and throw the background out of focus. But additional processing will enhance that effect.

Video is well-covered on the iPhone 14 Pros. With a headline figure of 4K at up to 60 fps, you also get Apple ProRes video. And there are other modes, including Cinematic mode, which shoots at 4K HDR at 30 fps. You can also get that GoPro look with 240 fps slo-mo at 1080p. With image stabilization and an ultra-wide lens, it’s quite the feature.

The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max used to be the clear winners of the best iPhone camera award. That is until the iPhone 15 was released. But they are still superb phones. If you want the best viewing experience, then go for the Max. If you like a smaller phone, the iPhone 14 Pro is for you.

4. iPhone 13 Pro/Pro Max

Release Date	Release Date 24/09/2022
Main Camera	Main Camera 12 MP
Telephoto Camera	Telephoto Camera 12 MP
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features Excellent nighttime shooting capabilities and all-day battery life
Best For	Best For Anyone looking for a lower-priced three-camera system

×

Apple iPhone 13 Pro 128GB Alpine Green + Subscription

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$931.58

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We’ll consider the iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max together as well. The cameras are the same, with the difference being screen size and battery performance. The iPhone 13 Pro/Pro Max is still a fantastic camera on any smartphone, whether iOS or Android. And you get an excellent set of camera hardware and features.

The iPhone 13 Pro Max has a 12 MP sensor resolution. And that’s for the cameras on the front and rear of the phone. The front camera has a wide-angle lens with an f/2.2 aperture. This is perfect for snapping some stunning selfies!

Other photographers will be more interested in the rear camera. It’s a triple-camera unit with three separate lenses. There’s an ultra-wide lens with an f/1.8 aperture. There’s an f/1.5 wide-angle lens. And there’s a telephoto lens with an f/2.8 aperture to complete the trio. The three lenses give you incredible shooting options. It’s a versatile smartphone for photographers.

The native camera app is packed with photography features. There’s a portrait mode for front and rear cameras. There’s depth control for accurate shooting. And there’s a night mode for after-dark photography. The Smart HDR is great for stills, but you also get HDR video recording.

The 13 Pro Max is a fantastic video camera too. You can shoot 4K Dolby Vision videos at a frame rate of 60 fps. And you have Cinematic mode for pro-looking videos. It adds a shallow depth of field to the footage. And it can shift focus from one subject to another automatically.

We recommend the version with 512 GB of memory. But you can get the 1 TB model if you need more storage. The battery life is excellent, which is one of the reasons the iPhone 13 Pro Max beats the iPhone 13 Pro. It has an improved battery life, and the bigger screen allows you to see your photos more clearly.

5. iPhone 14/14 Plus

Release Date	Release Date 23/11/2022
Main Camera	Main Camera 12 MP
Telephoto Camera	Telephoto Camera N/A
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features True-Depth front camera with autofocus, Dynamic Island feature
Best For	Best For Anyone looking for a modern iteration of the iPhone, but who's happy with a dual-camera system

×

Apple iPhone 14

Amazon.co.uk

$469.89 $511.90

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$490.00

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$1,487.00

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$3,299.00

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The main difference between the iPhone 14/14 Plus and the Pro versions lies in the camera. It’s immediately obvious as there is a cluster of two, not three, lenses on the back. What’s missing is the telephoto lens. And this means there is no ProRes 4K or macro video.

Other than that, photographic performance is the same. The iPhone 14 Plus offers a larger screen. But the choice between these two and the Pro versions is entirely down to how important the extra telephoto lens is for you.

6. iPhone 15

Release Date	Release Date 23/09/2023
Main Camera	Main Camera 48 MP
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features True-Depth front camera with autofocus, Dynamic Island feature
Best For	Best For Anyone looking for a solid iPhone with USB-C connectivity

×

Apple iPhone 15 (128 GB)

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$0.01 $829.99

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$446.96 $485.00

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$681.00 $799.00

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$749.00 $979.00

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$798.00 $949.00

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$829.99 $959.00

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$1,474.00 $1,664.25

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$1,487.00

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The iPhone 15 offers fewer compelling reasons for upgrading from the 14. That’s not to say it’s a bad phone camera. Indeed, it is excellent in many respects. But the lack of a third rear camera and some camera features do make it a little less attractive.

That being said, you get a 48 MP sensor and a superb display with 2000 nits maximum brightness. This makes seeing your 4K video and your HDR photos with a 2,000,000:1 contrast ratio all the better. It lacks the macro and Apple ProRAW features, so that is a consideration if they are important to you.

The iPhone 15 is a brilliant camera phone and offers very good value. It is, for sure, less capable than its more expensive Pro stablemates. But it is unlikely to disappoint.

7. iPhone 13/13 Mini

Release Date	Release Date 24/09/2022
Main Camera	Main Camera 12 MP
Telephoto Camera	Telephoto Camera N/A
Ultra-Wide Camera	Ultra-Wide Camera 12 MP
Front Camera	Front Camera 12 MP
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K/60 fps
Max Video fps	Max Video fps 240/1080p
Image Stabilization	Image Stabilization Sensor-shift
Key Features	Key Features Night mode and Portrait mode with advanced bokeh control
Best For	Best For Getting a recent iPhone without breaking the bank

×

Apple iPhone 13 512GB Midnight + Carrier Sub

You will notice a pattern with the iPhone 13. It’s pretty much the same as its Pro/Pro Plus siblings but without the telephoto camera. But in every other respect, the iPhone 13 matches its more expensive counterpart.

The iPhone 13 Mini packs the same features into a smaller body. And it does so at a decent cost saving. It’s a great way to go if you want a better price or a smaller phone.

Buyer’s Guide—What to Look For in the Best iPhone Camera

There’s some technical stuff you’ll want to know to help you find the best iPhone camera. You must look at a few camera specs when hunting for the best iPhone camera. And knowing this information will help you make the right decision.

Sensor Resolution

Sensor resolution is one of the best indicators of image quality. We measure resolution in megapixels (MP). The number of megapixels refers to the number of pixels on the camera’s sensor. The general rule is the higher the MP count, the better the image quality. Looking at the MP shows you which iPhone camera has a higher resolution.

You should be looking for an iPhone camera with a 12 MP resolution or higher. That gives you wonderful image quality. Older models have a lower pixel count. While that does mean a downgrade in quality, they can be cheaper. You also need to check the MP for the front and rear cameras. The front camera sometimes has a lower resolution than the rear cameras.

Optical and Digital Zoom

iPhone cameras have zoom capabilities. You won’t see anything much beyond a 2x to 5x zoom range. But that can help you get the shot you want. You also need to know the difference between digital and optical zoom.

Optical zoom is where the lens elements move to change the focal length of the lens. That’s a mechanical process. You might experience chromatic aberration with this type of zoom. But the overall quality of your image stays the same.

Digital zoom is where the camera zooms in digitally. Rather than increase the focal length, the camera enlarges part of the image by cropping in. This means the quality of your image decreases the more you zoom in.

Image Stabilization

Image stabilization reduces the effect of camera shake. That means you get a sharper image without signs of motion blur. Not all iPhones have stabilization. But it’s a handy feature that adds to the iPhone camera quality.

Some cameras have optical stabilization. This helps counteract movement in the camera lens. Plus, there’s sensor-shift stabilization. This reduces the movement of the sensor. All iPhone cameras in this review have image stabilization.

Conclusion: The Best iPhone Camera

The iPhone 15 Pro Max marks a significant leap for Apple’s phone camera offerings. It threatens to take a bite out of the action camera market. And it offers a credible alternative to Micro Four Thirds cameras for video.

Our Top 3 Choices for The Best iPhone Camera

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max 512 GB Blue

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

Apple iPhone 15 Pro (128 GB)

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

Apple iPhone 14 Pro Max 128 GB

Are you looking for a good all-rounder to fire up your enthusiasm? Do you want something that looks stylish? Or do you want a beginner camera to help you start your video or vlogging career? No matter what you’re after, we have it all right here.

The Nikon Z50 tops the list as the best Nikon camera for beginners. It’s compact and lightweight. The photo and video quality is excellent. And it has all the extra features a beginner’s camera should have. Keep reading to learn more about the Z50 and more beginner Nikon cameras.

Our Top 3 Choices for the Best Nikon Cameras for Beginners

Nikon Z50

Nikon Z50

Nikon Z fc

Nikon Z fc

Nikon Z30

Nikon Z30

What Is the Best Nikon Camera for Beginners?

The best Nikon camera for beginners helps you take pictures and shoot videos without experience. It is uncomplicated and easy to use, producing excellent, quality media that fuels your enthusiasm. The Nikon Z50, Nikon Z fc, and Nikon Z30 all fit the bill, and we recommend two others.

You might be tempted by a cheap, no-brand beginner camera. But we advise against the cheap knock-offs because they don’t pay off in the long run. You use them a couple of times, the results are rubbish, and they start to fall apart.

Going for a reliable camera brand like Nikon is always better in the long run. Nikon is one of the top camera brands in the world. And they have a wide range of cameras for photographers at all levels.

As you’ll see in our article, Nikon entry-level cameras are the best on the market. They include mirrorless models, both APS-C and full frame. We have stylish cameras. And we even have one of the last DSLR cameras.

Here’s a quick rundown of all the best Nikon cameras for beginners. We examine each camera in more detail in the section afterward. And if you need more information, we have a FAQ section and buyer’s guide at the end.

Our Top Choice

Nikon Z50

Nikon Z50

• 20.9 MP sensor with robust 4K Ultra HD video
• Large 55mm lens mount for high-quality images
• Compact and durable for on-the-go shooting
• Selfie flip down LCD screen, perfect for vlogging
• Built-in Wi-Fi for easy smartphone pairing

Most Stylish Camera

Nikon Z fc

Nikon Z fc

• Superb 20.9 MP image quality
• Compatible with NIKKOR Z and F-mount lenses
• Vlogging made easy with 4K Ultra HD
• Easily transfer images to your phone
• Classic design meets modern tech

Best Vlogging Camera

Nikon Z30

Nikon Z30

• Elevates video quality beyond smartphones
• Compatible with Nikon's entire NIKKOR Z lenses line
• Fast, reliable autofocus with eye-detection
• Features a flip-out screen with touchscreen control
• Compact and intuitive for novice vloggers

Best Full-Frame Camera

Nikon Z5

Nikon Z5

• Excellent entry-level full-frame camera
• Outstanding image quality in low-light
• Eye-detection autofocus for perfect portraits
• 5-axis in-body stabilization for sharp shots
• Compact powerhouse for evolving creativity

Best DSLR Camera

Nikon D7200

Nikon D7200

• Exceptional clarity with 24.2 MP DX-Format CMOS Sensor
• Versatile with EXPEED 4 image processing
• Captures sharp, pure photos, even in low-light
• Fast action capture with 6 fps shooting capacity
• Features built-in Wi-Fi and NFC for easy sharing

5 Best Nikon Cameras for Beginners

Now, we look at all the best Nikon cameras for beginners in more detail. There’s a Nikon camera for any beginner on our list.

We have all-around mirrorless cameras for beginners who want to try a bit of everything. We also have stylish cameras for trendy street photographers. And we have vlogging cameras for budding social media stars.

1. Nikon Z50

Released	Released 2019
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Nikon Z
Megapixels	Megapixels 21 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 209
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 51200
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 11 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Flip-out screen, built-in flash, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity
Best For	Best For Beginners looking for a reliable all-around Nikon camera

×

Nikon Z50

Amazon.com

$1,146.95 $1,346.95

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KEH

(second hand)

$686.46

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The Nikon Z50 is the best Nikon camera for beginners. It’s compact and lightweight with a fantastic ergonomic design. This makes it easy for younger beginners to use. And it has all the features to fire your imagination.

The APS-C sensor gives you a healthy 20.9 MP resolution. That’s a big jump from most smartphone cameras. The images look fantastic, with clear details and rich colors. And the low-light performance is surprisingly good for an entry-level camera, giving you a wide dynamic range.

A fast and accurate autofocus system helps you stay in focus. The 209-point system is quick to find your subjects. And it even tracks them as they move across the frame. The eye-detection AF feature is another bonus, giving you more accuracy when photographing people.

Vloggers and video makers will also get a kick from the Z50. It can record stunning 4K video footage. It has slow-motion video options with a Full HD resolution. And features like the flip-down LCD screen make it easier to record yourself.

A built-in time-lapse photography mode gives you another creative avenue to explore. The camera also has a wide range of picture controls, filters, and effects. You can add them all in-camera, so you don’t need any photo editing software.

Thanks to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, sharing images with devices is easy. You can send media wirelessly from the camera to your smartphone, allowing you to upload images to social media in moments.

The Nikon Z50 has everything a beginner could want. It’s packed with creative features, and the results are great. You also have a wide range of Nikon Z lenses to choose from. It’s the perfect starting point for any enthusiastic beginner.

2. Nikon Z fc

Released	Released 2021
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Nikon Z
Megapixels	Megapixels 21 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 209
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 51200
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 11 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Eye-detection AF, tactile controls, vari-angle touchscreen, built-in stereo mic
Best For	Best For Beginners looking for a stylish camera

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Nikon Z fc

Amazon.com

$901.55 $1,096.95

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Focus Camera

$1,056.90 $1,206.90

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If you want a camera that will turn a few heads, the Nikon Z fc is that camera. Its beautiful retro design echoes the old 35mm Nikon cameras. But of course, beauty is never only skin deep. This camera delivers excellent photos as well.

Like the Nikon Z50, the Z fc has an APS-C sensor with a 20.9 MP resolution. Nikon’s EXPEED 6 processor backs this up, giving you excellent performance together.

The old-school design isn’t just cosmetic. There are tactile controls on the camera body, much like analog cameras of the past. This gives you a hands-on experience many photographers love. It also helps you learn the basic exposure controls.

Equipped with a 209-point AF system, you’ll rarely miss a shot. And the eye-detection feature helps you nail portraits and other human-based photography types. Its subject tracking is also helpful if you’re shooting moving subjects.

This camera captures gorgeous 4K video. So filmmakers can also have fun with it. The vari-angle LCD touchscreen makes life easier for vloggers. The Z fc also doubles as a webcam, making it an excellent live-stream camera.

The built-in stereo mic lets you record audio with your video without external equipment. But if you want even better sound quality, the camera has ports for external microphones and headphones.

There’s no built-in flash. But there is a hot shoe connector. The camera also has in-camera effects and filters. And, once again, Wi-Fi connectivity lets you transfer and share media quickly and easily. 

This is one of the more robust beginner cameras thanks to its magnesium alloy frame. This adds more heft to the camera. But it remains relatively lightweight and compact enough for any camera backpack.

The Z fc is a classic Nikon mirrorless and one of their most popular cameras. It’s easy to see why!

3. Nikon Z30

Released	Released 2022
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Nikon Z
Megapixels	Megapixels 20 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 209
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 51200
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 11 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Vari-angle touchscreen, built-in stereo mic, webcam functionality, USB-C charging
Best For	Best For Vloggers and content creators

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Nikon Z30

Amazon.com

$696.95

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B&H

$846.95

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If you want to start vlogging or creating content for social media, the Z30 is the perfect Nikon camera. It’s lightweight, compact, and easy to use. It has features designed to help vloggers, video makers, and streamers. And it’s great for photography too.

With a 20.9 MP resolution, you get love still photography. It has the same 209-point autofocus system as the Z50 and Z fc, including eye-detection capabilities. That means fast and reliable AF when shooting photos and videos.

As a vlogging camera, the Z30 has to deliver on video. And it certainly does that with glorious 4K at 30 fps. You get slow-motion video frame rates in Full HD. And you can use the camera as a high-resolution webcam. That’s good news for live streamers.

The flip-out touchscreen and built-in stereo mic make life easier for vloggers and streamers. The latter records high-quality audio to match your video footage. You can adjust the mic’s sensitivity. And it also has ports for external audio devices if you prefer.

The Z30 is perfect for long-form video recording. With a maximum video length of over two hours, you can record everything from interviews to music performances.

Live streaming couldn’t be easier. It has a plug-and-play setup when you connect it to a computer with a USB-C cable. That means no need to download any software. The USB connection allows Full HD streaming at 60 fps, which is great for gaming. Or use an HDMI cable for 4K 30 fps streaming.

Image stabilization isn’t often found in a beginner camera, so it was a pleasant surprise to find the Z30 has some. It’s a basic system but helps take sharper shots and smoother footage.

The Nikon Z30 is the best camera for vloggers and content creators. It’s as easy to use as an entry-level camera should be. But it also has specialist features to help you create optimized video content. It’s an affordable camera that’s an investment to boost your online profile.

4. Nikon Z5

Released	Released 2020
Sensor Format	Sensor Format Full Frame
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Nikon Z
Megapixels	Megapixels 24 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 273
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 51200
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 4.5 fps
In-body Stabilization	In-body Stabilization 1
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution 4K
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Eye-detection AF, focus shift shooting, tilting touchscreen, webcam functionality, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity
Best For	Best For Beginners looking for a full-frame camera

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Nikon Z5

Amazon.co.uk

$915.00 $952.00

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Amazon.com

$996.95

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Amazon.de

$1,120.11 $1,549.00

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Amazon.es

$1,189.00 $1,399.00

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Amazon.it

$1,249.00 $1,549.00

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B&H

$1,296.95 $1,396.95

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Amazon.ca

$1,498.29

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Amazon.sg

$1,889.00

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Amazon.com.au

$1,949.00

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Amazon.sa

$3,999.00

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KEH

(second hand)

$1,067.91

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The Z5 is Nikon’s best full-frame camera for beginners. It has slightly more advanced features because it’s a full-frame mirrorless camera. But it’s still suitable for beginners, especially those more advanced in years.

Full-frame sensors are larger than APS-C ones, which means the camera bodies are larger, too. But the Nikon Z5 isn’t too hefty. In fact, it’s Nikon’s most compact full-frame camera, making it an easy fit for any camera bag.

The 24..3 MP resolution might not seem like a big jump from the APS-C models. But even casual eyes will notice an increase in quality. The true-to-life colors are even more vibrant. Plus another advantage of the larger sensor is the increased dynamic range.

This is also the first camera on the list to have five-axis image stabilization built-in. By compensating for camera shake, it lets you use slower shutter speeds. This increases the low-light performance, allowing you to shoot in darker situations.

The AF system is also more advanced, using 273 focus points for subject detection and tracking. It’s fast, accurate, and has eye-detection features for portraits.

Like any mirrorless camera worth talking about, the Z5 has excellent video features. You can shoot sharp and clear 4K footage at 30 fps. And there’s a smooth 60 fps option when shooting in Full HD.

Streamers will also like the webcam functionality. You can connect using a USB cable. Or you can use an HDMI cable for even better quality streaming.

You can explore your creativity thanks to the in-camera shooting modes and effects. You can focus shift, use a time-lapse feature with an internal intervalometer, and blend multiple exposures. You can even apply filters in the camera settings.

The Nikon Z5 has the most advanced camera features on this list, which means a higher price. But it’s worth it if you want to experiment with extra features. It’s still a beginner-friendly camera. And the added performance lets you develop your skills and grow as a photographer.

5. Nikon D7200

Released	Released 2015
Sensor Format	Sensor Format APS-C
Lens Mount	Lens Mount Nikon F DX
Megapixels	Megapixels 24.2 MP
Autofocus Points	Autofocus Points 51
Maximum ISO (Native)	Maximum ISO (Native) 102400
Frame Rate	Frame Rate 6 fps
Max Video Resolution	Max Video Resolution Full HD
Other Key Features	Other Key Features Optical viewfinder, weather-sealed body, Wi-Fi and NFC connectivity
Best For	Best For A photography purist wanting to master the basics

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Nikon D7200

Amazon.com

$934.95 $1,099.95

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KEH

(second hand)

$467.99

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Nikon DSLR cameras have always been great places for beginners to start. Even though DSLRs are now on the way out, the Nikon D7200 is a great camera for beginners. It might not have some of the bells and whistles of newer mirrorless models. But it’s perfect for mastering the basics.

DSLRs tend to be bigger and heavier than their mirrorless rivals. And while that’s true of the D7200, it has excellent ergonomics. And many photographers still prefer the chunky DSLR bodies. The body is also completely weather-sealed, which is great for shooting outdoors.

The APS-C sensor gives you a 24.2 MP resolution, producing terrific image quality. The colors are perfectly rendered, and each image has sharp details.

Low-light performance is one of the D7200’s strengths. The native ISO range is 100 to 25,600, but you can expand this to 102,400. And you won’t have a problem with digital noise until you’re near the top.

A traditional pentaprism viewfinder is something you won’t find on a mirrorless camera. And while this is the main reason for a DSLR’s bigger body, it gives you a perfectly accurate view through the viewfinder. It’s a reflected image, not a digital one.

One of the main downsides to using a DSLR is its video capabilities. There’s no 4K option, which is standard on newer mirrorless cameras. While you get a smooth 60 fps frame rate, you’re limited to Full HD resolution.

Full HD is still better than most videos on social media. Plus, the camera has ports for external microphones.

Some might find the lack of an articulating touchscreen frustrating. But the D7200 does have Wi-Fi and NFC connectivity for easy media sharing. It also has two memory card slots, so you can shoot longer without changing the SD card.

The Nikon D7200 won’t be for every beginner. And it isn’t a true beginner camera like the discontinued Nikon D3500. But it’s one of the last DSLRs still available, brand new. And it’s a fantastic camera for beginners who love the art of photography.

If you want to explore more options, we have a full list of the best DSLRs for beginners.

Best Nikon Cameras for Beginners FAQs

Finding the best camera for beginners is never easy. You must sift through lots of information, deciphering all the technical jargon. And with so many models on the market, it’s hard to know which camera is best for you.

We’ve answered some of the most frequently asked questions to help you find the best Nikon camera for beginners.

Why Choose Nikon? Are Nikon Cameras Worth It?

Nikon is one of the top camera brands alongside Canon and Sony. And it is at the top of the photography tree for good reason. They make some of the best cameras and have done so for generations. So, the answer is yes, absolutely. Nikon cameras are worth investing in.

If we look back through the annals, the Nikon FM2 was one of the greatest 35mm cameras ever. It’s still highly regarded and sought-after by film photographers.

They also make some of the best cameras in the modern era. The Nikon D850 was a beast of a professional camera, putting other pro models in the shade. While Nikon was slow in its switch from DSLR to mirrorless, they are now at the top again.

The Nikon Z9 is a staggering piece of equipment—a real professional behemoth. And cameras like the Z6 II are proving incredibly popular.

Which Nikon Camera Is Best for Beginners?

For many, the Nikon Z50 is the best beginner camera from any brand. But it depends on your individual needs as a new photographer. We’ve chosen affordable, reliable cameras for beginners.

The Nikon Z fc is a stylish, newer APS-C camera. The Z30 is best for vloggers. The Nikon Z5 is a fantastic full-frame camera to learn and grow with. And the Nikon D7200 is an old-school DSLR that works well for beginner photographers.

Nikon has always looked out for the beginners. Their Nikon D3500 was the go-to starter camera for beginners. Unfortunately, it has been discontinued and is only available as used or “renewed.” So, we don’t recommend going that route.

But Nikon still makes excellent entry-level cameras. They remain sympathetic to inexperienced users. Four cameras on our list are new mirrorless cameras that beginners will love. They have all the latest features for today’s media landscape.

Does Nikon or Canon Have Better Beginner Cameras?

When it comes to the Nikon vs Canon debate, there’s very little to discern between them. In most cases, it comes down to a difference of opinion. They both have excellent entry-level cameras for beginners. (Unlike Sony and Fujifilm, which have few beginner-friendly cameras.)

The Canon EOS Rebel T7 rivaled Nikon’s D3500 and is still a viable option. And the Canon EOS R10 is comparable to the Nikon Z50. They are both feature-packed mirrorless cameras for beginners.

Canon also now offers the Canon EOS R100. This is their latest mirrorless model and a true entry-level camera. They’ve stripped back some of the more advanced features. But that means it’s one of any brand’s most affordable mirrorless cameras.

We have an article that reviews all the best Canon cameras for beginners.

What Are the Most Important Specs in a Beginner Camera?

Camera specifications can sound like a lot of mumbo jumbo if you’re new to photography. If you’re struggling with all the camera jargon, this is the place for you. We’ve broken down all the key specs to help you find the perfect camera. 

APS-C vs Full Frame

Some cameras are classified as either APS-C or full frame. Both titles refer to the size of the sensor in the camera. And the sensor size has implications regarding the rest of the camera.

APS-C sensors, called “crop sensors,” are smaller than full-frame sensors. This means APS-C camera bodies are usually more compact and lightweight than full-frame models.

Beginner cameras usually have APS-C sensors. The smaller sensor helps keep the price down, and beginner photography is less demanding than at higher levels.

Due to size limitations, APS-C sensors tend to have lower resolutions. They can’t house as many megapixels (MP) as a full-frame sensor. 

Full-frame cameras, like the Nikon Z5, are available for beginners. But they tend to be more advanced and aimed at higher-level photographers.

Sensor Resolution and Megapixels

Sensor or image resolution is the main indicator of a camera’s image quality. A sensor’s resolution is measured in megapixels (MP). The higher the MP number, the better the image quality.

All Nikon cameras for beginners on our list have decent resolutions of between 20 and 24 MP. Other specs also affect image quality, but looking at the MP gives you the best indication of image quality.

ISO Range

If a camera has a wide native ISO range, it gives you excellent flexibility when shooting in different light conditions. Our list’s best Nikon mirrorless cameras have decent native ISO ranges between 100 and 51,200. The Nikon D7200 is lower, with a max native ISO of 21,400.

ISO is one of the three key exposure settings in photography. Along with shutter speed and aperture, it makes up the exposure triangle. The ISO level tells you how sensitive the sensor is to light.

The higher the ISO setting, the more sensitive the sensor is. That means you can work in darker situations. But you lose picture quality as you increase the ISO. The higher you go, the more you experience digital noise.

Good low-light performance is determined by low noise levels when using a high ISO setting. Unfortunately, this is hard to determine from specs alone. But a wide ISO range indicates a good level of low-light performance. Some cameras even have expanded ISO ranges.

Autofocus System

The easiest way to judge a camera’s autofocus (AF) before you buy is to look at its number of autofocus points. A larger number of focus points gives you more coverage and better accuracy when finding your subject. It also implies the camera has more reliable subject tracking.

Other aspects can affect autofocus performance. The image processor plays a big part in AF performance. And the camera’s low-light capabilities also affect the AF when working in tougher light conditions. The Nikon Z5 is the best on our list, while the D7200 lags.

Video Resolution

Image resolution has infinite variations with megapixels. But video resolution has a few set classifications. That makes it much easier to understand from a specs sheet. The two main classifications for beginner cameras are Full HD (High Definition) and 4K.

4K is now standard in modern cameras, even at the beginner level. The video quality is excellent, with a 4K resolution, even if the footage is cropped. You should look for that if you’re interested in shooting videos.

Some cameras are limited to Full HD. It isn’t as clear or bright as 4K, but it’s better than most of the stuff you see on social media. Also, you might need to drop down from 4K to Full HD to use a faster frame rate.

The frame rate also affects video quality. But anything around 30 frames per section in 4K should be enough for beginners. All Nikon mirrorless cameras on our list feature 4K video.

Conclusion: The Best Nikon Camera For Beginners

With any of these top beginner cameras from Nikon, you can start your photography journey in style. You can rest assured that you have a reliable camera that delivers the goods. And you can experiment and explore your creativity. 

Nikon cameras are not just for beginner photographers. There are mirrorless cameras for vloggers and video makers. There are DSLRs for photography purists. And there are cameras with video features optimized for social media content.

The Nikon Z50 is the best Nikon camera for beginners. It’s a complete all-rounder with brilliant features for photography and videography. It’s lightweight, compact, and easy to use. And you can pick it up at an affordable price with a kit lens.

Our Top 3 Choices for the Best Nikon Cameras for Beginners

Nikon Z50

Nikon Z50

Nikon Z fc

Nikon Z fc

Nikon Z30

Nikon Z30

The Best Smartphone Cameras

Let’s start with the best camera phones around at the moment. There are some pretty heavy hitters out there. Your choice might come down to your operating system preference. And that means Apple’s iOS or Android.
Sometimes, you might not have many options. If you use an Apple Watch, then iOS is for you. Or you might be invested in one or other of the “digital ecosystems.” In other words, all Apple or all Google.
The most impressive camera phones out there come from the three biggest manufacturers: Apple, Google, and Samsung.

Best Apple Phone

1. Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max

The flagship phone from Apple boasts up to 48 MP images, improved processing, and a 5x zoom. Excellent video options make it a compelling choice.

Best Google Phone

2. Google Pixel 8 Pro

The Pixel 8 Pro continues Google’s push for smartphone supremacy. Its camera capabilities are truly impressive. It adds some really useful in-camera editing options to an already impressive camera.

Best Android Phone

3. Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra

Samsung has been producing marvelous camera phones for years. And the Galaxy S23 Ultra is no exception. An amazing pixel count and an astonishing zoom lens make this a solid choice for a smartphone camera.

The Best Compact Cameras

I have two pictures taken at the same place, 15 years apart, that tell a story. The place is looking at the Astronomical Clock in Prague’s Old Town Square. In the first photo in 2007, a host of people look up at the clock, and there is a sea of compact cameras. Fifteen years later, there’s an identical scene, but now it’s a sea of phones and not a single compact camera.
All of this is to say that the compact camera is an endangered species. But there are some excellent cameras out there. They offer more flexibility, control, and capability than even the best smartphones.
Our choice of the top compact cameras offers a range of features that make it worth carrying something extra around with you. And they a smaller and lighter than a DSLR or mirrorless camera.

Best Compact Camera

1. Fujifilm X100V

You won’t find a more stylish compact camera, and this Fujifilm matches style with performance. An innovative viewfinder leads the way, and the f/2 lens captures beautifully crisp images.

Best All Round Compact Camera

2. Canon Powershot G7 X Mark III

Canon compact cameras have been reliable and popular for decades. The G7 brings all of that expertise into a modern, high-spec camera that’s easy to operate and delivers excellent results.

Best Compact Camera for Video

3. Panasonic Lumix FZ300

Panasonic Lumix cameras are simple to use and deliver outstanding results. The FZ300 offers an incredible zoom range and hard-to-beat in-body image stabilization. It’s perfect for videographers.

The Best Action and Adventure Cameras

The Panasonic Lumix FZ300 may be splashproof, and your smartphone might boast IP68 ratings. But few of us will want to risk such a device in extreme situations. Or they might be too bulky to take along on our adventures.
These are the exact circumstances that action and adventure cameras were designed for. Perhaps the best-known is the GoPro, but there are several attractive offerings.

Best Action Camera

1. GoPro HERO12 Black

GoPro almost invented the action camera. They certainly have plenty of imitators. But each year, they push the possibilities of the design. The HERO12 Black combines incredible slo-mo, image stabilization, and ruggedness to make it an outstanding action camera.

Best Compact Action Camera

2. Olympus Tough TG-6

The Olympus Tough TG-6 is a popular camera for good reason. It is easy to hold underwater while wearing gloves, and the built-in lights will help in murkier waters. It’s robust enough to withstand drops and crushing as well. It’s easy to see why it’s so popular.

Best Vlogging Camera

3. DJI Pocket 2

DJI makes a whole range of cameras that rely on miniaturization. From drones to action cameras, you’ll find superb images and excellent performance. The Pocket 2 is a real niche camera, and it fills the role with style.

The Best DSLR Cameras

There was a time, and it wasn’t that long ago, that the DSLR was the king of the jungle. They were the best balance of size, usability, versatility, and quality. Professional photographers of all stripes used full-frame DSLRs. And discerning amateurs cut their teeth on the APS-C versions with their smaller sensors (and price tags!).
What we are now witnessing is the slow death of the DSLR. Major manufacturers are quietly discontinuing models and focussing their research and development on the mirrorless market.
There are good reasons for this. Done well, the mirrorless camera offers all the benefits of a DSLR, with improved AF, shooting speeds, and automation.
That doesn’t mean that the DSLR is dead, and the vast majority of professionals still use them. But the demise of the DSLR is inevitable.
There are still some phenomenal DSLRs out there. We’ve chosen some high-end ones for you. Partly because the entry-level sector is really now overrun with mirrorless systems. At the other end, there are some incredible DSLR cameras still available.

Best DSLR Camera

1. Canon EOS 5D Mark IV

The ESO 5D range of cameras has been keeping photographers happy since 2005. This latest version brings improved video, a touchscreen, Wi-Fi, and GPS to the range. It might well be the last of the 5Ds, but it’s still a great camera.

Best Nikon DSLR

2. Nikon D750

Nikon used to reign supreme in the world of film SLRs. But they lost ground to Canon in the DSLR age. The D750 shows that the differences were often marginal. And it shows why plenty of photographers have stayed loyal to the Nikon brand.

The Best Mirrorless Cameras

As we have seen, the mirrorless sector is the main area of growth for the camera industry. Compared to DSLRs, they are lighter and come with better specifications.
If you doubted the manufacturers’ commitment to the camera type, then simply look at how they are investing in it. Canon, for instance, continues to roll out L-series lenses for the mirrorless RF mount. These high-end lenses are a sign that this is the way they see the market going.
The term “mirrorless” covers pro-level and entry-level cameras. We’ve chosen a mixture, and you’ll see both full-frame and APS-C cameras in our recommendations.

Best Mirrorless APS-C Camera

1. Fujifilm X-T30 II

Another winner from Fujilm. This mirrorless camera is compact, powerful, and stylish. The camera takes full advantage of the mirrorless design and delivers crisp, beautiful images.

Best Nikon Mirrorless Camera

2. Nikon Z6 II

Many people love Nikon’s Z range of cameras. And with the Z6 II, it’s easy to see why. Superb sensor quality and excellent AF help to make this an attractive choice. It’s neat, portable, and of great quality.

Best Mirrorless Camera

3. Canon EOS R5

The R5 takes up the 5D mantle, and wears it with honor. A wonderful 45 MP sensor and fantastic AF performance help to make this a great choice for the enthusiast and pro alike.

The Best Medium-Format Cameras

The term “medium format” comes from the days of film. When 35mm cameras used a 24 x 35 mm negative, a medium format camera used a 6 x 6 cm film (or, in the case of Bronica, a 6 x 4.5 cm). It’s “medium” because it’s not a full-size plate camera.
And in the days of film, the medium-format camera was the gold standard. David Bailey and Terry O’Neil are some of the famous users. But perhaps Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong are the most famous. Because it was Hasseblad cameras that went to the moon.
Since the arrival of super-detailed full-frame sensors, it was a case of adapt or die for the medium-frame world. We’ve picked a couple of notable cameras for you to see.

Best Medium-Format Camera

1. Fujifilm GFX 50S

This Fujifilm medium-format camera delivers richly detailed images from its 51.4 MP sensor. It is perfect for a landscape or urban photographer.

Best Sensor Resolution

2. Hasselblad X2 100C

There’s an astonishing 100 MP sensor in this Hasselblad. It’s the perfect price-is-no-object landscape or studio camera. If you want to dive into the medium-format world with possibly the best camera of its type, this is it.

Conclusion 

Maybe you’re a beginner, hobbyist, or looking to get into professional-level photography. No matter your level, there are many types of cameras to choose from that will suit your needs. You can even find a variety of cameras for kids.
Take the time to explore the features of several models before narrowing it down to a final choice.

But what photography magazines do you pick off the shelf? Options like Popular Photography are no longer in print. But many other great photography magazines are available.

Our Top Pick

Amateur Photographer

An unrivaled pedigree, and still a winning formula of news, articles, opinion, and advice.

The Best Photography Magazines to Read

Here are today’s most popular magazines for photographers in every genre.

Our Top Pick

1. Amateur Photographer

The longest pedigree in photography magazines, with news, reviews and advice columns. AP has weathered the challenge of the electronic age with an active website and print and digital editions of the magazine.  

Amateur Photographer printed their first issue in 1884. This is the oldest weekly photography magazine for non-pros.

Today, you can access the Amateur Photographer website. Or subscribe to the weekly print magazine. This makes AP one of the best magazines for photographers who prefer print. AP has the industry’s latest trends and news.

AP magazine covers everything you may want to know. It has news and reviews, photography techniques, and opinion articles. The mix of topics is suitable for both beginners and more advanced enthusiasts.

Best Nonprofit Journal

2. Aperture

A nonprofit publisher, Aperture says it “champions photography’s vital role in nurturing curiosity and encouraging a more just, tolerant society.”

Aperture magazine is a photography journal created by the Aperture Foundation. Aperture is a serious photography magazine, not a publication covering the basic how-tos. The journal features top artists as well as ideas and industry insight.

The Aperture Foundation is a nonprofit that aims to connect the photography community. Aperture Magazine is a big part of that. The organization focuses on sharing inspiring work and ideas.

There are several options when it comes to subscriptions. You can opt for one that includes both print and digital.

Best B&W Magazine

3. Black & White

A premium fine-art magazine dedicated to the sublime skills of monochrome photography. There’s a free trial issue offered in the US.

As a fine art photography magazine, B&W also heavily focuses on art. As the name suggests, B&W features black-and-white photography. Within that genre, the magazine covers a variety of different topics.

This magazine shows you everything from what it’s like to work as a documentary photographer to photography contests. B&W remains a popular magazine despite digital camera technology. The magazine is published bi-monthly.

Subscription prices vary based on your location.

Best Magazine for Women

4. Click

Click is aimed at women in photography, as creators, business owners, or hobbyists.

The editors of Click describe the publication as a magazine for modern photographers. The contemporary photography magazine targets a female audience. It accompanies the Clickin’ Moms blog as a print resource.

Click covers a variety of topics. Its content includes everything from business tips to inspiration as well as gear and tutorials.

The magazine is published six times a year.

Best Annual Magazine

5. Digital Camera World

Part of the Future Publishing group, DCW is an annual print and Kindle magazine, backed up by a website with features, reviews, and articles.

Digital Camera contains an excellent mix of content that helps photographers stay on top of the latest gear news. It’s also great for those looking into new techniques and ideas.

This is an annual magazine. It’s good for amateurs and even professional photographers looking for a mix of how-to’s and gear advice.

Best for Interviews

6. Digital Photographer

Another Future Publishing publication, Digital Photographer is available is available in print, digital, and combined subscriptions. Expect gear reviews, how-to’s, and interviews.

Digital Photographer is a UK-based publication that reaches both enthusiasts and professional photographers. The magazine focuses on publishing top images. They also include photographic advice and insight into the latest technology.

Success stories from professional photographers are also often included on the pages. The publishing company behind Digital Photographer also publishes “bookazines.” These are longer guides. They focus on a single topic, such as wildlife photography and camera guides.

Best Contemporary Magazine

7. Foam

This is the official magazine of the Foam Museum in Amsterdam. Fascinating collated articles are its hallmark.

Foam Magazine takes a different approach. This contemporary photography magazine focuses each issue on a specific theme. Within that theme, the magazine includes interviews, articles, and, of course, photographs.

The photography magazine is also often noted for its quality printing. This helps show off the photos inside.
Foam Magazine only releases three issues a year.

Best Nikon Magazine

8. N-Photo

A magazine dedicated to Nikon users and their gear. They feature Nikon gear, professional Nikon users, advice, and news.

N-Photo doesn’t focus on a specific type of photographer. Instead, it focuses on a particular range of gear. The Nikon-only photography magazine focuses on gear from the camera giant. But it isn’t owned by Nikon.

The magazine includes the latest Nikon Gear and tutorials. And it has advice from professional photographers. N-Photo publishes 13 issues a year.

Best Outdoor Magazine

9. Outdoor Photography

As its name suggests, this is the magazine for everything to do with outdoor photography.

Outdoor Photography is another excellent photography magazine focused on the outdoors. The difference is that Outdoor Photography is a UK-based magazine.

The magazine includes everything you need. It suggests locations in and around the UK to shoot news and gear reviews. It also contains several features with tips from industry experts.

Best Outdoor Magazine

10. Photography Week

This is a weekly with a difference. There’s no physical print version, just a weekly digital edition. It makes the most sense on tablet devices.

Photography Week is a digital photography magazine. They aim to help photographers get the most from their gear. The magazine publishes the latest gear news and tutorials. They also include industry insight and special features.

The magazine was initially designed for iPhone and iPad. Now it’s also available for Kindle and Fire devices and others.

Best Canon Magazine

11. Photo Plus Magazine

Styled as The Canon Magazine, Photo Plus brings you articles, reviews, and news from the world of Canon cameras.

PhotoPlus Magazine is designed to help Canon users learn new techniques. The Canon-focused magazine also includes reviews as well as tutorials on post-processing. PhotoPlus is another publication from Digital Camera World.

Best Magazine for Pros

12. Professional Photographer

Aimed squarely at professional photographers, you’ll find articles and reviews designed to appeal to those who make their money with a camera.

Professional Photographer skips the newbie advice. It tailors articles to those who use their camera as a career tool. The magazine includes gear reviews and news. They also offer business tips and insight from pros in the industry.

The Professional Photographers of America publish it. And it’s been around for more than 100 years.

Conclusion: Best Photography Magazines

Photography is a constant learning process. And photography magazines are a great way to continue learning, no matter your level. Explore photography magazines tailored to your experience level. You’ll find inspiration from industry leaders, whether a beginner or a professional.

Our Top Pick

Amateur Photographer

An unrivaled pedigree, and still a winning formula of news, articles, opinion, and advice.