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How to Use Horizontal Lines in Photography for Composition

Last updated: December 19, 2023 - 4 min read
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Horizontal lines in photography exist in everything we see. They are the basis of every composition.
Even photos with no straight lines in them are bound by the horizontal or vertical frame containing them.

Understanding the effect that a horizontal line has on a photo can help you use it more effectively.

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Horizontal Lines in Photography

Using horizontal lines is a great way to group together different elements in a photo as well as help to establish details within a photograph, such as direction and location.

When it comes to composing a photo, horizontal lines are quite bland and unexciting. After all, we already see them everywhere. To make these photos more interesting, you need to try to find a way of putting these lines to good use.

Horizons

Unbroken horizons are generally quite boring to look at.

Have a look at this first photo below—it’s dull and uninteresting. The second photo takes the horizontal line of the water’s horizon and intersects it with the foreground, making a much more interesting image. Sea and mountains in the horizon covered in mistSea line with mountains in the background and a couple yachts

Stability

Horizontal lines give the impression of stability because of their relation to the horizon and the ground that we stand on. When you combine that with a material known for its strength, you can produce a photo that really stands out for its stability. The photo below is a good example of this.Two men on two floors of a parking lot looking through the railing

Perspective

If you take a photo of just one flower, you’ll struggle to see any horizontal lines in it. But when you take multiple objects and layer them in lines one after another, you’ll start to see an effect similar to that below.

The perspective is the most important part of this photo. If it weren’t for the height above the crops, you wouldn’t see the lines in the same way. The further away the flowers get from the camera, the straighter the lines seem to appear because the perspective is flattened.Photo of a field of yellow flowers with an old ruin of a building in the back
To understand how this works, I suggest you read my post on focal length. But here’s a photo I used that best demonstrates my point.

Below that is another image of a group of buildings taken from very far away. You can see lines that would have gone off in different angles in reality, which appear straight in the photo.
Perspective shown on 4 photos of canned food packages placed at a different distance to each otherViewpoint

Viewpoint is similar to perspective in that it is related to the angle of view. When I talk about viewpoint, however, I’m talking about how we look at straight lines rather than taking something that isn’t in line and making it appear as though it is.

Height is a very big factor in making this work as it shows you lines where you wouldn’t have otherwise seen them.

In a built-up city like Washington DC (where the photo below was taken), you would struggle to find a straight line of a horizon. But when you get a height advantage, a very clear horizon appears. This also presents additional lines from the roads and paths within the photo.

Photos with horizons present a strong sense of location.Photo of a city from above

Contrast

Even the slightest bit of contrast in a photo will produce lines, as demonstrated by the photo below. The ripples in the water moving away from the boat cast slight shadows on one side, producing multiple horizontal lines on the water.

Contrast (such as light and dark, big and small, bright and dull) has the greatest effect when placed in the foreground in the image as that’s where it will appear the largest.

Photos with good contrast present a strong sense of direction and movement.Photo of the sea with a couple of yachts

Conclusion—How to Use Horizontal Lines in Photography

Knowing how to best incorporate horizontal lines in photography will only help your photos. Even though they’re everywhere, you can still turn them from something mundane to something that adds to your composition.

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